ANTHROPOLOGY 593 



tion is now widely accepted, but in actual fact educational 

 programmes directly related to the realities of native life are com- 

 paratively few. Some attempts have been made to base the 

 educational syllabus on the improvement of the crafts already 

 practised in native villages and to relate agricultural education 

 to traditional methods of agriculture, which are by no means as 

 inefficient as is sometimes assumed. But in most territories much 

 still remains to be done in this direction. New problems also arise 

 and call for sociological investigation in connection with the 

 absorption of the younger generation into trade, industry and the 

 service of the Government. None of the educational problems to 

 which reference has been made can be dealt with successfully with- 

 out a much more thorough study of education both in relation to 

 traditional native society and to the new requirements of western 

 civilization. Probably the best popular account of the present 

 position and future prospects in these subjects is that by Professor 

 Westermann (1934). 



In the remainder of this chapter a sketch is given first of the 

 existing agencies for anthropological research in Africa. This is 

 followed by summaries of recent work in several branches of the 

 subject, in the compilation of which the survey by Dr. Edwin 

 Smith (1935) has been of great assistance. Some of the subjects 

 discussed are considered at greater length in connection with 

 administrative work in An African Survey; in particular the science 

 of linguistics has been omitted altogether from this chapter, apart 

 from occasional reference, since it has little direct bearing on the 

 other scientific subjects with which the volume is concerned. 



ORGANIZATION 



Anthropology was moulded into a science by workers in the 

 far East, especially in Polynesia and Melanesia, and there are still 

 comparatively few workers who have chosen Africa as their field 

 of study. Consequently, in summarizing the present organizations 

 for research, it is necessaiy to mention a number of individuals by 

 name, a practice which is diflferent from that adopted in the cor- 

 responding sections of other chapters. Anthropologists have come 

 to the subject from many directions; some have approached it 



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