ANTHROPOLOGY 595 



most useful in the long run was undertaken with the rather dif- 

 ferent object of increasing the sum total of knowledge concerning 

 tribal organization and culture, even down to the smallest details. 

 Captain Rattray's books (see below), for example, do not profess 

 to show how the Ashanti should be administered, but they are, 

 nevertheless, referred to by every administrative officer concerned 

 with the region. As a contrast, some publications by C. K. Meek, 

 when anthropological officer in Northern Nigeria, provide examples 

 of special administrative problems of the moment; but likewise, 

 when gathered together, they serve as valuable reference works. A 

 number of unpublished reports on native political institutions have 

 resulted from studies made by individual officers in connection 

 with the extension of indirect rule. 



Among other Government officials who have contributed 

 materially to the science, the following are prominent: in Kenya, 

 C. R. Dundas and C. W. Hobley; in both Kenya and Tanganyika, 

 Major Orde Browne; in Nigeria, J. R. Wilson-Haffenden; in 

 Northern Rhodesia, A. M. Dale, who published two volumes 

 jointly with Dr. Edwin Smith and F. H. Melland, who has con- 

 tributed especially to knowledge on witchcraft; and finally, J. H. 

 Driberg, who did much of his original field work when serving in 

 the administrative departments of the Anglo-Egyptian Sudan and 

 Uganda, and has since developed the teaching side of African 

 anthropology at Cambridge. 



Those anthropologists who have been missionaries and some of 

 whom, therefore, have approached the subject from a rather dif- 

 ferent angle, should be headed by Dr. Edwin Smith, whose joint 

 study with A. M. Dale, of the Ila-speaking peoples, has just been 

 mentioned. Subsequently his more popular work. The Golden Stool^ 

 brought anthropology into closer touch with missionary, adminis- 

 trative, and other activities, and in 1934-5 ^^ ^^^ elected Presi- 

 dent of the Royal Anthropological Institute, and of the International 

 Anthropological Congress held in London in 1934. His presiden- 

 tial address to the Royal Anthropological Institute (1935) is par- 

 ticularly notable in drawing together the threads of anthropology 

 into a general view, including some reference also to scientific work 

 in other fields. In Eastern Africa, Canon Roscoe has done valuable 

 work. Notable studies by missionaries on Southern African 



