Goo SCIENCE IN AFRICA 



practice of agriculture, domestication of animals and manufacture 

 of pottery. Remains have been found over the greater part of the 

 continent. 



Passing to human remains, some of which have been found 

 associated with Stone Age cultures, Rhodesian man. Homo 

 rhodesiensis (Elliot Smith 1927), from Broken Hill is perhaps the 

 most primitive of the human family, which includes the lower 

 genera Pithecanthropus and Eoanthropus. The Kanam man, Homo 

 kanamensis, represented by part of a jaw from the Kavirondo Gulf, 

 Lake Victoria, was described by Leakey (1935) and claimed to be 

 the most ancient fragment of true Homo found anywhere in the 

 world. Kanjera man, from the same region, is somewhat later, and 

 better represented by pieces of skull, etc. Leakey holds that the two 

 demonstrate the existence of Homo sapiens long before the time 

 when the Neanderthal people spread over Europe. Professor 

 Bos well and others, however, cannot agree that the dates of either 

 the Kanam or Kanjera men are yet proved. Oldoway man, found 

 by Dr. Hans Rech in Tanganyika in 191 3, has also been the sub- 

 ject of much controversy, but is now generally held to have been 

 buried and therefore its true date can never be proved. 



Later remains of the Neolithic include those found in 1927 at 

 Elmenteita in Kenya Colony by Leakey, on the Springbok Flats 

 in the Transvaal by Broom in 1929, and near Asselar in the French 

 Sahara in 1927, proving that man lived in this region when it was 

 not desert. Other remains discovered in South Africa can be 

 divided into three classes : Boskop, Fish Hoek, and Australoid man. 

 None of these remains show the characteristics associated with the 

 pure negro type (Smith 1935), but it has to be remembered that 

 the existence of a negro stock, from which such types are presumed 

 to be developed, is itself an hypothesis; these remains may point 

 to a revision of assumptions now generally made with regard to 

 the migrations of peoples of various types through Africa, but they 

 might equally lead to a revision of existing theories on the subject 

 of racial stocks. 



RACIAL TYPES 



Leading on from the fossil remains of man it is necessary to 

 refer to some recent work on the existing races of Africa before 



