ANTHROPOLOGY 6oi 



proceeding to the aspect of cultural anthropology which has more 

 direct bearing on other sciences. Dr. A. C. Haddon (1924) divides 

 Africans into those with woolly hair (Ulotrichi) and those with 

 wavy hair (Gymotrichi), and subdivides these two groups accord- 

 ing to stature, colour of skin, shape of head, and again, according 

 to shape of nose. The more usual, but less technical, grouping is 

 that of Professor Seligman (1930) into 



XAH • / Hamites \ ^ 



Wnite race \ ^ . > 01 common oria^m 

 ( Semites ) ° 



,,. ( True negroes 



Negro race w ,. , , 



( Mixed negro-hamitic 



Negritos 

 , . / Bushmen 



( Hottentots (predominantly bushman-hamitic) 



The first two of these major races, the white or Europid (Caucasian) 

 and the Negro, have numerous subdivisions and have suffered 

 continued interactions. By comparison, the Negritos, Bushmen 

 and Hottentots, though of great academic interest, have played 

 but a minor part in the history of the continent. 



Recent work on cranial measurements and blood-groups sug- 

 gests that the true classification is by no means so simple as the 

 scheme given above. Moreover, there has been confusion, owing 

 to different opinions by experts, as to what is meant by the con- 

 cept of a race; sometimes a linguistic group, such as the Bantu, 

 has been referred to as a racial type, but the criteria for distinguish- 

 ing races should really be physical, not cultural. In the words of 

 Professor Sehgman: 'It seems obvious that the question of race 

 should be determined by the study of physical characters, yet in 

 no part of Africa is there in existence anything approaching an 

 anthropological survey (based on such characters), nor can it be 

 said that for any considerable area more than the first rough sur- 

 vey work has been done.' 



Although physical data are available from many parts of the 

 continent, most have been collected by amateurs who have used 

 different standards, so that the value of their work lies chiefly in 



