6o8 SCIENCE IN AFRICA 



advances in this direction, so that already many of the results are 

 set out in a form which offers itself for application to other fields. 

 The following paragraphs consist of little more than a sketch of 

 some of the significant literature produced to date, following the 

 classification of tribes given in Torday's (1930) large and valuable 

 compilation of the cultural data concerning the indigenous tribes 

 of Africa. The summary is taken mainly from Smith (1935) with 

 some additions. 



For the Southern Bantu a sub-committee of the Inter-University 

 Commission for African Studies, with Professor I. Schapera as 

 editor, has produced a volume (1934) of essays by various experts 

 in South Africa on the effects of Western civilization on the South 

 African Bantu, and there is another important joint volume under 

 the same editorship (1937). Schapera's own book (1930) provides 

 an account of the Bushmen and Hottentots, and he has also pub- 

 lished a full bibliography of all available literature on South 

 African tribes (1931 onwards). Vedder's monograph on the Berg- 

 dama (1923) is another valuable ethnographical study. A further 

 important study of a South African tribe, primarily concerned 

 with the effects of contact, is on the Pondo by Monica Hunter, 

 now Mrs. G. Wilson (1936), whose work was made possible by a 

 Fellowship from Cambridge University. Miss Hilda Beemer made 

 a study of the Swazi with the assistance of a Fellowship from the 

 International Institute of African Languages and Cultures. H. 

 Junod, a Swiss missionary in Natal and Portuguese East Africa, 

 produced in his accounts of the Thonga (1924 and 1927) one of 

 the most important existing studies of a Bantu people. Callaway's 

 book on the religious system of the Zulu (1868-70) and Stayt's 

 work on the Bavenda (1931) are outstanding. J. H. Soga (1930 

 and 1 931) has written monographs on the Southern Nguni. Fuller 

 accounts of the Zulu, Sotho, Ambo and Herero are still required, 

 though E.J. Krige (1937), a trained anthropologist, has collected 

 existing material relating to the Zulus. Bullock's book on the 

 Shona tribes of Southern Rhodesia (1928) needs to be supple- 

 mented. Smith (1935) stressed the necessity for monographs on 

 the connection between Shona culture and the Zimbabwe ruins, 

 and between the Rozwi of Mashonaland and the Rotse of the 

 Upper Zambesi. Dudley Kidd (1906), working among the Bantu 



