' ANTHROPOLOGY 609 



of Southern Africa, is one of the few who have studied native chil- 

 dren. In a different type of community, which has grown up under 

 white influence, Mrs. Hellman (1934) has given some interesting 

 data on a native urban group, and Mrs. Krige (1936) has also 

 investigated the urban native communities of South Africa. Lastly, 

 Schapera emphasizes that, though there is much information on 

 cultures themselves, studies of the Africans as individual human 

 beings are for the most part lacking. In this connection. Miss 

 Perham's (1936) collection of autobiographies by ten Africans is 

 valuable. 



For the Central Bantu, who inhabit Northern Rhodesia and the 

 Belgian Congo, C. M. Doke (1931) has contributed a monograph 

 on the Lamba, Melland (1923) has written on the Kaonde, and 

 Smith and Dale (1920) have produced two volumes on the Ila- 

 speaking peoples. Gouldsbury and Sheane have made a slight 

 sketch of the Awemba ( 1 91 1 ) . More recently Dr. Audrey Richards 

 (1932) published a general study of the place of food production 

 and distribution in the culture of the Southern Bantu, and has 

 made extensive field studies, during two periods of work in 1 930-1 

 and 1 933-4, of the Bemba and Bisa, the full results of which have not 

 yet appeared: Dr. Richards has published a number of preliminary 

 articles in Africa and the Journal of the African Society, dealing 

 among other subjects with native diet and chieftainship under 

 indirect rule [see Chapter XVII). Godfrey Wilson (1936), for- 

 merly a student of the International Institute of African Languages 

 and Cultures, and later a Rockefeller Fellow, has also worked in 

 this region on the Nyasaland-Tanganyika border. From 1907 to 

 191 3 a series of books was published, under the direction of van 

 Overbergh, dealing with the Congo tribes. These are of unequal 

 merit, the best being that by Colle on the Luba (191 3). Accounts 

 of some sections of this tribe have been given by Torday and Joyce 

 (1910 and 1922), and the former has also described the Bushongo 

 (1910). Other books include those by Weeks (191 3 and 1914) on 

 the Bangala and the Kongo, van Wing (1921) on the Kongo, and 

 Hambly (1934) on the Mbundu of Angola. 



Early surveys of the Eastern Bantu of Nyasaland were made by 

 Sir H. H.Johnston (1897) ^^^ Dr. AHce Werner (1906). An even 

 earlier work by Macdonald (1882) provides a useful account of 



