XIV CONTENTS 



V. Cell Division 766 



(a) Apical meristems, 766 - (b) Secondary meristems, 767 - (c) Morphology 

 of cell div'ision, 767 - (d) Physiology of cell division, 769 - 



VI. Cell Enlargement 775 



(a) The elongation of tissues in an axis, 775 - (b) Control by auxin, 776 - 

 (c) Control by oxygen, 779 - (d) Control by gibberellin, 780 - (e) The effects 

 of nutrients and ions, 780 - (f) Specific inhibitors, 782 - (g) Relation between 

 cell enlargement and metabolism, 787 - (h) Osmotic inhibition, 792 - 

 ( j) Concepts of the mode of auxin action and the nature of cell enlargement, 793 - 



VII. Growth of Specific Organs 797 



(a) Growth of leaves, 797 - (b) Growth of roots, 801 - (c) The growth of 

 fruits, 807 - (d) Interrelations between buds; integration of the plant, 811 - 



Vni. Conclusion 815 



Literature 816 



/Chapter II. The Carcinogenic Stimulus, by Arthur Kirschbaum .... 823 



I. Hormonal Factors in Carcinogenesis 824 



(a) Pituitary and thyroid neoplasms induced by alteration in thyroid function, 

 824 - (b) Hormonal imbalance per se as a factor in inducing neoplasia, 829 - 

 (c) Endocrine tumors following imbalance induced by estrogenic hormone, 

 831 - (d) Neoplasms of tissues whose normal growth is stimulated by estrogen, 

 835 - (e) Neoplasms of "ton-target" tissues induced by estrogen, 837 - 

 (f) Tumor-promoting activity of steroids other than estrogenic, 840 - (g) In- 

 hibition of tumorigenesis by steroid hormones, 840 - (h) Effect of steroid 

 hormones on tumor growth, 842 - (i) The influence of the pituitary gland on 

 the genesis, growth and secretion of tumors, 844 - (j) Influence of thyroid 

 secretion on genesis and growth of tumors, 846 - (k) Diabetes and the growth 

 and development of neoplasms, 847 - 



II. Ionizing Radiations and Cancer 847 



(a) Local action of ionizing radiations, 847 - (b) Somatic mutation and 

 carcinogenesis, 848 - (c) Neoplasms following whole body irradiation, 848 - 



III. Viruses and Cancer 849 



(a) Chicken and rabbit tumors, 849 - (b) Mouse mammary cancer, 850 - 



(c) Mouse leukemia, 853 - (d) Parotid and skin tumors of the mouse, 855 - 

 (e) Nature of the tumor viruses, 855 - 



IV. Carcinogenic Chemicals 858 



(a) Polycyclic hydrocarbons, 858 - (b) Azo dyes, 861 - (c) Amino compounds, 



862 - (d) Halogenated hydrocarbons, 863 - (e) Urethane, 863 - 



V. Nutrition and Cancer 865 



VI. Genetic Studies 866 



VII. Summary 867 



Literature 870 



/Chapter 12. The Metabolism of the Cancer Cell, by /I. C/rtrA; Gnj^n . . 877 

 I. Introduction 877 



II. Carbohydrates and Lipids 880 



(a) Composition, 880 - (b) Respiration and glycolysis, 881 - (c) Citric cycle, 

 888 - (d) Phosphorylation, 891 - (e) Electron transport, 892 - (f) Fatty acid 

 metabolism, 894 - 



