1 84 



GROWTH 



PRINCIPLES AND THEORY 



TABLE 10 

 RELATION BETWEEN METABOLIC RATE AND BODY SIZE 



Species 



Reference 



Respiration proportional to 



w '1^ ( surf ace ) , w( weight), 

 or intermediate 



Platyhelminthes 



Ditgesia gonocephala 

 Nemathelminthes 



Ascaris liimbricoides 

 .Annelida 

 Lumbricus sp. 

 Eiseniafoetida 

 Mollusca 



Lamellibranchiata 



Anodonta cygnaea 



Dreissensia polymorpha 

 Prosobranchia 



Lithoglyphus, Paludina 



fasciata and P. vivipara 

 Pulmonata 



Lymnaea stagnalis 



Lymnaea stagnalis 



Lymnaea auricularia 



Planorbis sp. 



Planorbis corneus 



Planorbis cor?ieus 



Isidora proteus 



Pulmonata and Oper- 



culata, 15 species intra- 



and interspecific 



Helicidae 



Helix, Chilotrema, and 

 Cepaea (interspecific) 

 Cepaea vindobonensis 

 Helicella candicans 



Bertalanffy and Midler, 1943 



Kriiger, 1940 



Miiller, 1943b 

 Kriiger, 1952 



We inland, 19 19 



Ludwig and Krywienczyk, 1950 



Krywienczyk, 1952a 



Bertalanffy and Miiller, 1943 

 Fiisser and Kriiger, 1951 

 Krywienczyk, 1952b 

 Bertalanffy and Miiller, 1943 

 Fiisser and Kriiger, 1951 

 Krywienczyk, 1952b 

 Krywienczyk, 1952b 



V. Brand, Nolan and Mann, 1948 



Liebsch, 1929 



Bertalanffy and Miiller, 1943 



Kienle and Ludwig, 1956 



Intermediate 



Surface 



Weight 

 Surface? 



Surface 

 Surface 



Surface 



Intermediate 



Intermediate 



Weight? 



Intermediate 



Intermediate 



Intermediate 



Intermediate 



Surface [high tempera- 

 ture (30° C.)?] 



Weight 

 Weight 

 Weight 



The relations mentioned are typical and characteristic of the species concerned. 

 Table 10 shows the distribution of these types within the various classes of animals. 

 A few discrepancies need elucidation, but in general it can be said that the 

 metabolic type, i.e. the relation of metabolic rate to body size, under standardized 

 conditions, is a physiological constant characteristic of the species or group of 

 species concerned. 



In the investigations reviewed in Table 10 resting metabolism {i.e. Oj consumption 

 under conditions of greatest possible exclusion of muscular activity) was chosen as measure 

 for two reasons: /. The so-called basal conditions of metabolism (muscular rest, post- 

 absorptive condition, and thermoneutrality of environment) are adapted to determination 

 of metabolic rate in mammals and the latter two conditions are difficult to fulfil in ex- 

 periments with lower and poikilothermic animals; 2. Basal metabolic rate is a useful 

 conventional measure because it provides the least scattering in the values observed; 

 but it is an artefact because the conditions mentioned do not correspond to the natural 

 biological situation. 



