135] LEPIDOPTEROUS LARVAE — FRACKER 135 



spiracle, much farther cephalad than subspiracular ; 

 stripes longitudinal. Charidryas 



dd. Dorsal scoli of mesothorax at least one and a half times as 

 long as those of metathorax; body closely spotted; each seg- 

 ment bearing a large red dorsal macula. Chlosyne 

 cc. Dorsal abdominal scoli much shorter than those, of mesothorax 

 and metathorax; supraspiracular scolus of abdominal segment 

 8 dorsad of spiracle; stripes longitudinal. Thessalia 

 Genera of Vanessinae : 



a. Head bearing a pair of dorsal scoli. 

 b. Spinules of body scoli erect; subapical ones in a whorl (Fig. 74). 

 c. Mediodorsal scoli present on all abdominal segments; head scoli 

 no higher than head is wide. Pohjgonia 



cc. Mediodorsal scoli present only on abdominal segments 7 and 8; 

 head scoli twice as high as head is wide. Mestra 



bb. Spinules of body scoli appressed, not arranged in a whorl; head 

 scoli not clavate. 

 c. Dorsal scoli of head low, strongly tapering, concolorous with head, 

 indefinite at base ; body scoli needle-like, with two or three 

 principal spinules. Eugonia 



cc. Dorsal scoli of head cylindrical, distinct at base, darker than 

 dorsal part of head ; body scoli cylindrical, rather stout, with 

 numerous lateral spinules. Junonia 



aa. Head roiuided above, bigibbous, bearing chalazae but no scoli. 

 b. Mediodorsal scolus absent on abdominal segments 1 and 2, present 

 on segments 4 to 8, usually also on segment 3. Euvanessa 



bb. Mediodorsal scoli present on abdominal segment 2. 

 c. Mediodorsal scoli present on segments 1 to 8 inclusive. 



Vanessa 

 cc. Mediodorsal scolus absent from segment 1. Aglais 



Genera of Nymphalinae : 



a. Abdominal segments 3 and 8 bearing scoli as long as those of meso- 

 thorax. Limenitis 



aa. Abdominal segments 3 and 8 without scoli or with small ones. 



Basilarchia 

 Genera of Apaturinae : 



a. Head crowned by a pair of scoli ; suranal plate bifurcate. Chlorippe 

 aa. Head crowned only by a few low tubercles; suranal plate entire. 



Anaea 

 The following species of the Nymphalidae have been examined by 



