Jamiary gth, ipi2.'] PROCEEDINGS. xiii 



throughout the whole breadth of Canada, from the Atlantic to 

 the Pacific, and is increasing in abundance, and the extent of 

 its injuries are becoming more noticeable annually. The milling 

 industry was the next to be seriously alarmed by the sudden 

 appearance in Ontario, in 1889, of the dreaded Mediterranean 

 Flour Moth {Ephesiia kiihniella Zeller). This European pest 

 received the immediate attention of the Provincial and Federal 

 departments of Agriculture. The Clover Root-borer {Hyksinus 

 trifolii Miiller), which is very destructive to clover, and is a 

 European insect, was first recorded in Ontario in 1891. 



Passing over the next three years, during which period 

 several new insect pests were observed for the first time, we find 

 that the next serious pest which reached Canada was the Horn 

 Fly {Haematobia serrata Rob. Desv.). This insect was intro- 

 duced into the United States from Europe, and was first observed 

 in Canada in 1892, when its appearance in Ontario caused 

 considerable alarm among farmers. Cattle which are attacked 

 by this insect rapidly lose flesh, and the milk yield is also 

 seriously affected. Two new pests appeared in 1896. In British 

 Columbia the caterpillar of a small moth {Argyresthia conjugella 

 Z.) was found inflicting serious injuries to apples, on which 

 account it is named the Apple Fruit-miner. A new apple pest 

 also appeared in Ontario owing to the fact that one of the fruit- 

 flies, whose larva is now known as the Apple Maggot or Railroad 

 Worm {Rhagoleiis pomonella Walsh), ceased to confine its atten- 

 tion to wild fruit and haws and attacked cultivated apples, of 

 which it is a most serious pest at the present time in certain 

 parts of Eastern Canada. The insect which has been responsible 

 for the greatest injury to fruit trees in certain of the regions 

 where it became established was the San Jose Scale or Pernicious 

 Scale {Aspidiotns pertiiciosus Comst.). Originally introduced 

 into California from Asia, it spread to Canada, where it was 

 discovered in the Okanagan Valley in British Columbia in 1894, 

 and two years later in Ontario, where it became firmly established 

 and destroyed acres of orchards. In 1898 the San Jose Scale 



