204 
ghenian deciduous forest. It serves as a shelter for spring flowers, 
which in most cases set flower buds underground the previous au- 
tumn and pass through the flowering stages in early spring before 
the leaves come out on the trees. When the forest leaves have ex- 
panded, one must look to the open bogs and barrens for a continua- 
tion of flower drsplay, until autumn, with the falling of the leaves, 
sets up a display, thts time of asters and golden-rods. Some of the 
plants of the Alleghenian forest have been mentioned in the enu- 
meration of plants along the brook ; additional species to be seen, 
chiefly on higher ground, are bloodroot (Sanguinaria canadensis, 
Fig. 13c), Hepatica triloba, Claytonia caroliniana (Fig. 12f, a broad- 
leaved species, chiefly of the Canadian zone), wild ginger (lsarum 
canadense, Fig. 13a), Trillium erectum, Trillium grandiflorum, blue 
cohosh (Caulophyllum thalictroides), early meadow-rue_ (Thialic- 
frum dioicum), Jeffersonia diphylla (resembling the bloodroot, 
and known as far north as Bucks County, Pennsylvania), Heuchera 
americana, Dicentra eximia (known northward to the region of 
the Delaware Water Gap), wild lily-of-the-valley (Maianthemum 
canadense), the yellow violets (Iiola pubescens and I’. scabriits- 
cula), and the bellworts (Uvularia perfoliata, U. grandiflora, Fig. 
12a, and Oakesia sessilifolia, Fig. 12b). The knoll at the far end 
of the woodland has banks exposed to the south, and here will 
be found the earliest blooms of hepatica, bloodroot, and Claytonia ; 
the ledge of granitic rock just beyond has been given over almost 
entirely to the growth of columbine (elguilegia canadensis ). 
Many plants not mentioned in the foregoing paragraphs will be 
found in various places. Among them are species of Cypripedium, 
robin’s plantain (Frigeron pulchellus), golden alexanders (Zizia 
aurea, big. 9b), wild geranium (Geranium maculatum), Canadian 
burnet (Sanguisorba canadensis), and the two native species of 
Iris (J. sempervirens and 1. prismatica). Only the spring-bloom- 
ing plants have been included in this account; those of the summer 
and fall may perhaps be treated in a later publication, 
Notes ON THE TIME OF FLOWERING AND ON CULTURAL 
REQUIREMENTS 
lor several years records have been kept of the earliest dates 
and the periods of flowering of various species. In the excep- 
