80 PROCEEDINGS OF THE ACADEMY OF |Feb., 
piriform, the lip margins converging, thickened at the ends and 
connected by a thin film across the parietal wall. Interior bluish 
white. Alt. 9, diam. 16 mm., whorls 5. 
Big Emigrant Mountain, on the south side of Big Emigrant Canyon, 
at about 7,000 feet elevation, taken in some numbers in a shattered 
column of stone and also in a rock slide. This place is about 20 miles 
across the mountains northwest from the Cave Creek Station for 
O. clappv. 
O. c. emigrans is the dirtiest of the group—in its natural state as 
black as the soil. It is well distinguished by the sculpture, and would 
be considered a separate species in a less variable group than Oreoheliz. 
Oreohelix clappi Ferriss. 
Oreohelix clappi Ferriss, Nautilus, XVIII, p. 53 (Sept., 1904). Pilsbry, 
Proc. A. N.S. Phila., 1905, p. 285, pl. 25, figs. 54-56 (shell); pl. 19, fig. 8 
(genitalia) ; pl. 22, fig. 4 (teeth); pl. 23, fig. 26 (jaw). 
The shell is moderately depressed, with tubular whorls and deep 
suture, the altitude about two-thirds the diameter and about equally con- 
vex above and below the peripheral angle. The umbilicus at the opening 
is about one-sixth the diameter and contracts rapidly, only-the penul- 
timate whorl visible. Calcareous layer of the shell is brownish white 
under a thin greenish-yellow cuticle with some darker oblique streaks, 
which become in mature shells darker and crowded near the aperture. 
Many possess two indistinct transparent olive spiral bands, one above, 
the other just below the periphery. In old individuals the cuticle 
remains only in ragged shreds. The first 14 embryonic whorls are 
strongly ribbed radially; these riblets are regular and narrower than 
their intervals. At the end of the embryonic shell the whorl shghtly 
widens abruptly, with sculpture of rather coarse irregular obliquely 
radial wrinkles and traces of fine spiral striz. The last whorl has 
unequal, irregularly spaced oblique wrinkles, weak and low at the base, 
which is densely covered with minute wavy spiral striz, obsolete in old 
individuals. Where the wrinkles pass over the angular periphery they 
are sometimes somewhat more emphatic, a little pinched up. There 
are no spaced circular threads or cuticular fringes on the base. Whorls 
43, convex, the last double the width of the preceding. Base very 
convex. The aperture is very shortly ovate or nearly circular, very 
oblique, and about one-half the diameter of the shell. The ends of the 
lips converge. The short parietal callus is a thin transparent film, or 
in old shells the peristome is continuous, as a raised parietal ledge. 
Old age is expressed by a deeper descent of the last whorl and closer 
approach of the lip margins, as usual in the genus Oreoheliz. 
