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Talgai, Australia, skull (Fig. 42E), which has a 

 strongly protruding muzzle. Again, the Piltdown 

 lower jaw (Fig. 45C) with its "simian shelf" in 

 front, its female anthropoid canine and its ape- 

 like molar teeth (Fig. 41 A), must indubitably have 

 had a muzzle approaching that of an immature 

 female gorilla. By the time we reach the Heidel- 

 berg and Neanderthal fossil men, however, the 

 canines had become reduced to the level of the 

 cheek teeth, the incisors and premolars were 

 reduced in size and the lower molars were relatively 

 wider than in the anthropoids; hence Professor 

 McGregor's very thoroughly studied restorations 

 show these men with only moderately developed 

 muzzles and human lips. 



The reduction of all the front teeth in man is 

 foreshadowed in the foetal stages in which the 

 tooth-germs are smaller than those of apes; 

 consequently the foetal muzzle is likewise smaller 

 than that of foetal apes of corresponding stages. 



The reduction in size of all the teeth, especially 



the canines, has been an important factor in 



shortening the palatal arch (Fig. 74) from the 



long PI -shaped type of anthropoids, with a wide 



space between the canines, to the short human 



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