OUR BEST FEATURES 



The experimental method of studying physiog- 

 nomy was founded by Duchenne {Mechanisme de 

 la physiognomie humaine, Paris, 1862), who showed 

 that by the use of electricity the action of the 

 separate muscles could be studied and by the 

 aid of photography accurately represented (Encycl. 

 Brit., XI Ed., Art. Physiognomy). 



In Darwin's book on the Expression of the 

 Emotions (1872) it was shown that man and the 

 apes agreed in expressing equivalent emotions by 

 means of homologous facial muscles (Figs. 23, 24, 

 116). Thus the subject of physiognomy was 

 brought under the evolutionary point of view. 



At the present time the general subject of 

 physiognomy or the systematic investigation of 

 the human face is being pursued according to the 

 following methods. First, the evolutionary meth- 

 od, as in the present work, endeavors to answer 

 the question, by what stages did the human face 

 arrive at its present form.^^ From the evolutionary 

 viewpoint each type of face among the lower 

 animals is associated with a definite pattern of 

 behavior. Hardly a beginning has been made in 

 tracing the evolution of behavior or in correlating 



the details of facial character with neuro-anatomy. 



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