INDEX 



Anthropoid — (Continued) 



separation from primitive, 

 74; genesis of temporal bone 

 in, 88; lips of, 133; incisors of, 

 138, 13!); affinities of Piltdown 

 canine tooth to that of, 141; 

 difference between human and 

 anthropoid dentition, 141; 

 muzzle of foetus, 142; foetal 

 muzzle compared with that of 

 man, 143; palatal arch of, 

 143; premolars of, 144; dental 

 formula of man and of, 14o; 

 type of milk teeth ancestral 

 to that of man, 149; com- 

 parison of molar teeth with 

 those of man, 14G, 149; nasal 

 chambers of, 161; rate of 

 growth of nasal septum, 167; 

 human eye compared with 

 that of, 195; orbital axes of, 

 19G, Fig. 35, 58; external ears 

 of, 214 



Antihelix, development of, 212 



Antra, of nasal chamber, 162 



Arachnids, theory of vertebrates 

 derived from, 7 



Arboreal life, all primates passed 

 through stage of, 54; favored 

 development of eye, 55; man 

 bears traces of, 63; skull 

 changes in pro-anthropoids 

 brought about by, 91 



Archeozoic era, origin of plant life 

 in, 27 



"Arches, visceral," 102 



Arctocebus, top view of skull. Fig. 

 35, 58 



Aristotle, on physiognomy, 220, 

 222 



Armadillo, foetal. Fig. 114, 221 



Articular bone, development of, 

 112; of Mcgalichthys, Fig. 64, 

 111; of Trimerorhachis, Fig. 

 64, 111; of turtle embryo. 

 Fig. 64, 111 



Arthropods, theory of vertebrates 

 derived from branch of, 7; 

 eyes of, 182 



Asia, as home of early mammals, 

 52 



Auditory ossicles, of human ear, 

 202; Fig. 103, 203; Fig. Ill, 

 216; origin of. Fig. 113, 218; 

 of foetal Perameles, Fig. 113, 



218; of Cynognathus, Fig. 118, 

 218; innervation of muscles of, 

 219; of foetal armadillo. Fig. 

 114, 221; of fcetal hedgehog. 

 Fig. 115, 2^1; of human 

 embryo. Fig. 115, 221 



Auricularia, (larva of sea- 

 cucumber), Fig. 55, 93 



Australian aboriginal, skull of 

 (under side). Fig. 53, 85; 

 lower molar of, Fig. 80, 151; 

 nose of, 169 



Australopithecus, skull, side view. 

 Fig. 42, 68; Fig. 46, 72; brain 

 of, 72; restoration of. Fig. 47, 

 73 



Autostylic attachment, of primary 

 upper jaw to skull. Fig. 62, 

 105 



Balance, the sense of, 202 

 Balanoglossus, theory of relation 



to ancestors of vertebrates, 



93; larva of (Tornaria), Fig. 



55, 93 

 Bandicoot, See Perameles 

 Bapketes, under side of skull of, 



Fig. 53, 85, Fig. 6.3, 108 

 Bass, striped, braincase of. Fig. 



10, 22 

 " Becheraugen," of Amphioxus, 



Fig. 96, 183 

 Behavioristic method of study of 



physiognomy, 224 

 Behring Straits, as land-bridge 



for early mammals, 52 

 Bell, Sir Charles, "Essay on the 



Anatomy of Expression," 



222 

 Bichir {Polypterus), 24; embryo of. 



Fig. 14, 26 

 Biconjugate, eyes of man and 



apes, 67, 189; movement not 



attained by lower primates, 



198 

 Bilateral symmetry, supersedes 



radial symmetry, 6 

 Binocular, eyes of man and apes, 



67; vision in man, 189; not 



possible in Notharctus, 196; 



established in Old World 



monkeys and anthropoid 



apes, 196 

 Bipinnaria, larva of starfish. Fig. 



55, 93 



262 



