INDEX 



Birds, inconspicuous during Age of 

 Reptiles, 45; period of dom- 

 inance of. Fig. 25, 46; naso- 

 buccal channel of, 122 



Bloodhound, acromegaly in, 231 



Bone-cell, in cross-section of skull 

 of fossil ganoid. Fig. 9, 20; as 

 basic element of skull, 21 



Bony mask, in Labidosaurus, Fig. 

 23, 42; sunk beneath skin in 

 mammals, 43 



Brachiation, and quickness of 

 vision, 198; and biconjugate 

 movement of eyes, 198 



Branchiostegals, elimination of, 

 114 



Brain, rudimentary, of flatworms, 

 6, Fig. 2, facing G; of sand- 

 flea. Fig. 2, facing 6; of 

 annelid worms, 6; forebrain 

 of shark, 14; of the tarsicr, 

 53; progressive series in evolu- 

 tion of primate, 03; primates 

 characterized by enlargement 

 of, G4; of chimpanzee, 66; of 

 Australopithecus, 72; skull 

 changes consequent upon en- 

 largement of, 87; enlargement 

 of, in pro-anthropoids, 91; 

 forebrain as olfactory center, 

 156; ffctal growth of, its 

 effect on skull shape, 170; as 

 derived from ectoderm, 179; 

 eyes of vertebrates as out- 

 growths of forebrain, 179; 

 origin of pineal and parapineal 

 organs in tract that became 

 brain tube, 186; visual cortex 

 of, 191; oculomotor nerves of, 

 in chimpanzee and man, 198 



Braincase, of shark, Fig. 7, 17; 

 of fish. Fig. 10, 22; as thrust- 

 block, 22; evolution of pri- 

 mate, 63; bony crest on base 

 of, of Hcymnognathus, 117 



Brain tube, relation of primitive 

 eyes to, 186 



Branchial arches, of shark. Fig. 7, 

 17; constrictors of. Fig. 8, 

 18; as origin of larynx, tonsils, 

 thyroid and thymus glands, 

 126 



Branchial chamber, loss of bones 

 covering, 89 



Branchial skeleton, of man com- | 



pared with that of other 

 vertebrates, 128 



Broili, F., contributions to palae- 

 ontology, 86 



Broom, R., contributions to palae- 

 ontology, 86 



Brown, Barnum, discovery of 

 Eodelphis by, 47 



Bryant, W. L., contributions to 

 paiiEontology, 86 



Bulldog, as abnormal animal type, 

 230 



Bursa (meniscus), origin of, 38, 

 39; Fig. 22, 38 



Calamoichthys, 24 



Calcium carbonate, in skeleton of 

 shark, 23 



Canals, semicircular, see Semi- 

 circular canals 



Canine teeth, human, origin of, 

 90; of primitive man, 76; 

 of human ancestor, well devel- 

 oped, 142; human and an- 

 thropoid, 141; of Piltdown 

 man, 141, 143; alignment of, 

 144; of cynodonts, 116 



Caniniform teeth, 115 



Captorhinus, skull of. Fig. 53, 85 



Carnivorous ancestors of man, 136 



Cartilage, alar, of mammalian 

 nose, 167; growth power of, 

 170; labial, early form of, 104, 

 of shark, F'igs. 7, 8, 17, 18; 

 Meckel's, see Meckel's carti- 

 lage; median, of no.se, origin 

 of, 167; oral, of sharks and 

 embryo vertebrates, 102; 

 palatoquadrate, of primary 

 upper jaw, 102 



Cartilaginous skeleton, of head of 

 shark. Fig. 7, 17 



Caruncula, of human eye. Fig. 101, 

 194 



Chapelle aux Saints, La, skull of, 

 see Man, Neanderthal 



Cheek arch, of Scymnngnathus 

 and Ictidopsis, 35, 36 



Cheek bone, human, foreshadowed 

 in Mycterosaurus, 34 



Cheeks, embryonic development 

 of the, 166 



Ceratohyal, of the shark, 18 



Cebus, face of. Fig. 34, facing 

 56 



263 



