INDEX 



Face, as index of character, 220; 

 changes in arboreal pro- 

 anthropoids, 91; changes in 

 primitive man, 76; embryonic 

 development in mammals, 

 166; extremes in form and 

 color of. Fig. 90, facing 172; 

 primary functions of the, 3; 

 shape of anthropoid f. con- 

 ditioned by erect posture, 

 64, 66; Mongolian type, 170; 

 human, of same elements as in 

 gorilla, 91; Sir Arthur Keith 

 on evolution of, 120; three 

 stages in evolution of, 122; 

 Stockard's classification of 

 the, 232 

 of young chimpanzee. Fig. 116, 



facing 222 

 of chimpanzee. Figs. 39, 40, 



facing 64, 65, 66, 76 

 of lemur (Lemur variegatus). 



Fig. 34, facing 56 

 of man, see Man, face of 

 of catarrhine monkey (Lasio- 

 pyga pygerythrus). Fig. 34, 

 facing 56 

 of platyrrhine monkey (Cebus 

 capucinus). Fig. 34, facing 56 

 of shark Chlamydoselachus, Fig. 

 5, facing 12 

 Facial armor of Osteolepis, Fig. 11, 



facing 22 

 Facial expression, methods for 



the study of, 223-5 

 Facial muscles, 



of Echidna, Fig. 23, 42 

 of gorilla. Fig. 23, 42 

 of Lahidosaurus, Fig. 23, 42 

 of man. Fig. 23, 42 

 of Sphenodon, Fig. 23, 42 

 Facial nerve, chief branches of. 

 Fig. 24, 44; original territory 

 of the, 132 

 Features, inheritance of individ- 

 ual, 236 

 Feeding habits of some Amphibia, 



114 

 Feet, correlated use of, in Pri- 

 mates, 64; evolution of pri- 

 mate, 63 

 Fishes, lobe-finned, ancestral to 

 land vertebrates, 26; com- 

 parison of skull with that of 

 amphibian, 29; theories of 



origin of, 7, 8, 92, 93; ears of 

 primitive, 204; jaws of, prim- 

 ary, 104; jaw muscles and 

 jaws of, 104-6; lateral line 

 organs of, 206; man owes 

 ground-plan of face to early, 

 89; methods of ingestion of, 

 104; resemblance of human 

 embryo to, 122; shoulder 

 girdle of, compared with that 

 of early amphibia, 28 

 Crossopterygii 



bony plates on primary jaws 

 of, 106; Fig. 12, facing 23; 

 chemical composition of 

 skeletion of, 23; structure of 

 teeth, 112; Fig. 18, following 

 30 



Eusthenopteron, Fig. 12, fac- 

 ing 23; face oi, frontispiece; 

 skull of, under side. Fig. 

 53, 85; skull of, under side. 

 Fig. 63, 108 

 Osteolepis, skull of, top view. 

 Fig. 11, facing 22; cross 

 section of skull. Fig. 9, fac- 

 ing 20 

 Polyplocodus, teeth of. Fig. 18, 



following 30 

 Polypterus, jaw muscles of. 

 Fig. 61, 103; embryo of. 

 Fig. 14, 26 

 Rhizodopsis, skull of. Fig. 17, 

 30; skull of, side view. Fig. 



48, 78; skull, roof of. Fig. 



49, 79 

 Dipnoi (Dipneusti) 



Dipterus, the nose of. Fig. 13, 

 facing 24, 157; respiration 

 of, 122 

 Elasmobranchii, see Shark, pas- 

 sim 

 Ganoidei, skeleton, composition 

 of, 23 

 Flatworm (Planaria), Fig. 2, 

 facing 6; apparently descend- 

 ant of jellyfish group, 5; 

 eyes of the, 176, Fig. 92, 177, 

 eyes as directional organs 

 in the. Fig. 93, 178; illustrates 

 evolution of primitive head, 

 6, Fig. 2, facing 6 

 Foot, of tree-grasping type in all 



primates, 54 

 Fore-brain, as olfactory center, 156 



269 



