INDEX 



Lips, embryonic development of 

 the, 166; origin and evolution 

 of human, 129; mammalian, 

 their most distinctive feature, 

 131; philtrum of, 133; of 

 anthropoids, 133; of old chim- 

 panzee. Fig. 70, facing 132; of 

 Lemur, 56, Fig. 34, facing 

 56; of catarrh in monkeys, 

 56, Fig. 34, facing 56; of 

 platyrrhine monkeys, 56, Fig. 

 34, facing 56; of lower prim- 

 ates and man, 133; of Spiny 

 Ant-eater, 131; uses of pro- 

 trusile, 13S; muscles of, their 

 importance to newborn mam- 

 mal, 133, 134 



Lizard, palate of. Fig. 66, 121 



Lobe-finned fishes (see also Cros- 

 sopterygii. Fishes), Eusthe- 

 nopteron. Fig. 12, facing 23, 

 Fig. 53, 85, Fig. 63, 108; 

 Osteolepis, Fig. 11, facing 22, 

 Fig. 9, facing 20; Poly- 

 plocodus. Fig. 18, following 

 30; Pohjptenis, Fig. 14, 26, 

 Fig. 61, 103; Rhizodopsis, 

 Fig. 17, 30, Fig. 48, 78. Fig. 

 49, 79 



Lobule, development of the, 212 



Locomotion, of primitive man, 

 changes in, 75; skull changes 

 related to habits of, 88 



Loxomma allmani (Carbonifer- 

 ous), skull of. Fig. 16, facing 

 28; teeth of. Fig. 18, following 

 30 



Lung-fishes (Dipnoi), (Dipneusti), 

 embryonic development of, 25; 

 modern survivors of, 24; the 

 nose of, 157; Neoceratodus, 25 



Luschan, F. v., his work on in- 

 heritance, 236 



Macaque, embryo of. Fig. 108, 

 211; external ear of, Fig. 109, 

 212 



" Macula lutea," in man and apes, 

 199 



Malar bone (Jugal), series of 

 skulls showing evolution of. 

 Fig. 51, 81, 83, Fig. 5.3, 85; 

 joint process of frontal and 

 malar replaces reptilian post- 

 orbital, 90 



Malleus, human embryo shows 

 origins of, 220 

 of armadillo, foetal. Fig. 114, 221 

 of Cynognathus, Fig. 113, 218 

 of man. Fig. 103, 203 

 of man. Fig. Ill, 216 

 of man, foetal. Fig. 115, 221 

 of Perameles, foetal. Fig. 113, 218 

 Mammals, appear in large num- 

 bers at the close of the Age 

 of Reptiles, 52; their condi- 

 tion during the Age of 

 Reptiles, 45; some early m. 

 believed related to Platypus, 

 47; body temperature of, 40; 

 origin of the, 40; period of 

 dominance of. Fig. 25, 46; 

 type of primitive. Fig. 27, 

 48; cusps characteristic of 

 cheek teeth of, 145; the ear 

 of, 207, 211; face of, its 

 embryonic development, 166, 

 facial muscles of, their origin, 

 43, 132; Jacobson's organ in 

 primitive, 158; jaw, embry- 

 onic traces of primary upper, 

 106; jaw, upper, of m.. Fig. 

 50, 80, 87; method of respira- 

 tion, 119; nasal chamber of, 

 158; palatal regions of, 119, 

 Fig. 52, 82, Fig. 53, 85; their 

 forerunners from Mongolia, 

 51; Fig. 29, 50; early placental 

 from New Mexico, 52; tongue 

 of, 123; teeth of triconodont 

 m., 136 

 "Mammalian joint," see also In- 

 terarticular disc, 87, 90; for- 

 mation of, 39; development of 

 dentary and squamosal bones 

 to form, 108, 109 

 of Ididopsis, Fig. 21, 37 

 of Perameles, foetal. Fig. 22, 38 

 of Scymnognathus, Fig. 21, 37 

 of Thylacinus, Fig. 21, 37 

 Man, Darwin on the origin of, 65; 

 his debt to the Amphibia, 89; 

 possibility of his existence 

 derives from the Amphibia, 

 32; unspecialized Amphibia 

 nearest to line of ascent, 115; 

 relation of ganoids to his 

 ancestry, 24; nearer to shark 

 than shark to invertebrates, 

 14, 102; a hiatus in his 



276 



