INDEX 



Primates — (Continued) 



developmeut of eyes to early, 

 90; postorbital bar replaced 

 by process from frontal and 

 malar bones in earliest, 90; 

 character of tongue in, 123; 

 branchial skeleton of, homo- 

 logous with human, 128; 

 salivary glands of, 129; lips 

 of, 133; Jacobson's organ 

 lacking or vestigial in higher, 

 159; nasal septum of, 167; 

 eyes of primitive, 196; re- 

 duced olfactory apparatus in 

 higher, 196 



"Primitive streak," mouth of 

 Tessera represents, 5 



Pro-anthropoids, man derived 

 from, 69; changes of skull in 

 arboreal, 91 



Protista, supposed rudimentary 

 eyes of, 174 



Protozoa, among earliest marine 

 invertebrates, 8 



Psychiatrist, method of study of 

 physiognomy by, 225 



Psychoanalyst, method of study of 

 physiognomy by, 225 



Psychologic method of study of 

 physiognomy, 224 



Pteraspis, Fig. 4, 11; mouth of, 96 



Pterolejyis nitidus. Fig. 58, 96 



Pterygoid bone, of Diadectes, Fig. 

 62, 105; effect of increase in 

 size of, 117 



Pterygoid muscle, origin of men- 

 iscus in. Fig. 22, 38; Gaupp 

 cited on, 39; influence of its 

 development on skull, 117 



Pulp cavity, in formation of teeth, 

 134, Fig. 71, 135 



Purple, visual (rhodopsin), 189 



Pygmy, African, nose of the, 164, 

 Fig. 89, facing 170 



Quadrate bone, 39; evolution of. 



Fig. 53, 85; of Diadectes, Fig. 



62, 105 

 Quadratojugal bone, evolution of, 



Fig. 52, 82; Fig. 53, 85; 



reduction of, 88 



Rabbit, embryo, mouth pouch of. 

 Fig. 56, 94; labyrinth of. Fig. 

 104, 205 



Radial symmetry, gives way to 

 bilateral, 6 



Remane, A., cited on incisors of 

 chimpanzee, 138, 141; study 

 of anthropoid teeth by, 142; 

 cited on front lower pre- 

 molar of man and anthro- 

 poids, 145 



Reptiles, Seymotiria most primi- 

 tive, 32; sphincter colli of, 

 43; period of dominance of, 

 45, Fig. 25, 46; loss of inter- 

 and supra-temporals from 

 skull of early, 89; progressive 

 changes in teeth of. Fig. 53, 

 85, 115; naso-buccal channel 

 of, 122; skin-covered maxillae, 

 premaxillse and dentary of 

 early, 130; muscle at corner 

 of mouth of some recent, 131; 

 Jacobson's organ in, 158; 

 stage in development of nose 

 of human embryo like that of, 

 162; tympanum of, 217; mam- 

 mal-like, skulls of earlier and 

 later. Fig. 20, 35; progressive 

 upgrowth of dentary bone of. 

 Fig. 21, 37, 108; initial stages 

 in formation of hair possibly 

 developed in Triassic, 42; 

 opossum similar to Triassic, 

 48, Fig. 28, 49; superior 

 maxillary of. Fig. 50, 80, 87; 

 inferior maxillary in, 87; 

 origin of temporal fossa and 

 zygomatic arch in early, 89; 

 development of temporal fossa 

 in later, 90; palatal region of. 

 Fig. 53, 85, 118; nasal septum 

 of, 167; relation of parts of 

 middle ear in. Fig. 112, 217; 

 internal ear of advanced, 218; 

 angular bone of, 218 



Reptilian postorbital bar, loss of, 

 by early mammals, 90 



Reptilian stage, in development of 

 auditory ossicles, Fig. 115,221 



Respiration, origin and function 

 of the diaphragm, 41; of 

 early amphibians, 118; of 

 mammals, 119; of sharks, 

 Keith cited on, 122; of 

 dipnoan fishes, Keith cited 

 on, 122; of air-breathing 

 fishes and amphibia, 157 



287 



