INDEX 



Retina, of the squid (Sepia), 180; 

 of cephalopods, 181, Fig. 95, 

 181; of vertebrates, developed 

 from optic cup, 181; forma- 

 tion of tiie. Fig. 97, 185; of 

 dorsal eyes in pre-chordates, 

 Studnicka cited on, 186, 187; 

 apparently represents in- 

 verted patch of epithelium, 

 187; layers of the, 188; 

 likened to sensitive plate of 

 camera, 189; function of 

 human, 191; of shark. Fig. 

 99, 192; human. Fig. 100, 193 



Rhinarium, of lemur, 56 



Rhizodopsis, skull of. Fig. 17, 30; 

 Figs. 48-52, 78-82 



Rhodesian man, skull of. Fig. 42, 

 68, 72 



Rhodopsin (visual purple), 189 



Ribs, their origin, 21 



"Rods," of the primitive eye, 175; 

 in eyes of cephalopods. Fig. 

 94, 179, 180; in eyes of 

 vertebrates, 180; in organ of 

 Corti, 204 



Rods and cones, as layer of retina, 

 188; of human eye, 190 



Rotifers, effect of ultraviolet rays 

 on, 174 



Ruge, G., on origin of facial 

 muscles, 44; researches of, 

 show anatomy of facial 

 muscles most like in man and 

 anthropoids, 132, 133; mono- 

 graph on facial musculature 

 of, shows likeness between 

 ear muscles of chimpanzee 

 and human embryos and 

 children, 215 



Sacculus, of inner ear of lower 

 vertebrates. Fig. 104, 205-206 



St. Bernard dog, acromegaly and 

 gigantism in, 231 



Salamander, skull of foetal. Fig. 

 62, 105; embryo of. Fig. 14, 

 26 



Salivary glands, of man and apes, 

 129 



Sand-flea (Orchestia), Fig. 2, fac- 

 ing, 6 



Sar.iia, eye of. Fig. 91, 175 



Scales, origin of, in skin of pre- 

 vertebrates, 101; of crossopts. 



same nature as covering of 

 primary jaws, 106 



Scallop {Peclen), eyes of, 178 



Schultz, A. H., cited on hind feet 

 of primates, 54; on nose of 

 human foetus, 164; on devel- 

 opment of human nose, 167; 

 studies on human nose, 172 



Sclera, of shark. Fig. 99, 192; of 

 human eye. Fig. 100, 193 



Sclerotic layer, of eye of verte- 

 brates, 188 



Scylacosaiirus, dentition of. Fig. 

 77, 147 



Scymnognathvs, skull of. Fig. 20, 

 35; Fig. 21, 37; Figs. 48-53, 

 78-85; jaw muscles of. Fig. 

 61, 103 



Sea-cucumber, larva of (Auri- 

 cularia). Fig. 55, 93 



Sebaceous glands, origin and 

 function of, 41 



Semicircular canals, of ear of 

 shark, 16; of human ear, 

 202, Fig. 103, 203; of primi- 

 tive fish, 204; nerves of the, 

 204, 206; of frog. Fig. 106, 

 208 



Sense organs, origin from skin of, 

 101; mystery of their origin, 

 156; value of bilateral ar- 

 rangement of, 156 



Sepia (squid), structure of eyes 

 of. Fig. 94, 179, 180 



Septal cartilage, in man. Fig. 88, 

 168 



Septum, nasal, origin of, 167; 

 rates of development of, in 

 anthropoid and man, 167 



Seymouria, restoration of face of, 

 frontispiece; most primitive 

 reptile, 32; otic notch of, 32; 

 skull of. Fig. 19, 33; Figs. 

 48-53, 78-85; teeth of, 118 



Shagreen, of skin, origin of teeth, 

 19; in primitive sharks, 109 



Shagreen denticles, development 

 of, into teeth. Fig. 60, 99; 

 skin of pre-vertebrates gave 

 rise to, 101 



Shark, Devonian (Cladoselache), 

 restoration of face of, frontis- 

 piece; our own face shown in 

 that of, 12; recent (Chlamy- 

 doselachus), face of. Fig. 5, 



288 



