INDEX 



Tasmanian aborigines, face of, 

 frontispiece; noses of, 169 



Taste organs, of sharks, 16 



Tatusia, foetal auditory ossicles in, 

 Fig. 114, 221 



Tear ducts. Fig. 101, 194; glands, 

 194 



Teeth, evolution of mammalian 

 teeth made possible by change 

 in articulation of jaw, 39; 

 anthropoid food and, 57; 

 human diet and, 57; traces of 

 derivation from primitive an- 

 thropoid stage of human, 58; 

 diagrammatic history of 

 primate. Fig. 37, 61; evolu- 

 tion of primate, 63; identity 

 of human and anthropoid 

 molar patterns, 69; changes 

 in teeth of primitive man, 

 76; pro- mammalian reduction 

 of successional teeth to two 

 sets, 90; true teeth lacking in 

 predecessors of vertebrates, 

 97; of higher vertebrates, 

 origin in shagreen denticles, 

 100; origin of, uncertain 

 below ostracoderm grade, 

 101; of herbivores, not an- 

 cestral to carnivorous types, 

 101; labyrinthodont pattern 

 of. Fig. 18, following 30, 112; 

 gradual elimination of, in 

 upper primary jaw. Fig. 53, 

 85, 115; summary of early 

 history of, 117; embryonic 

 development of, 134; three 

 stages in development of 

 human. Fig. 71, 135; alleged 

 "triconodont" stage in hu- 

 man, 136; differences between 

 human and anthropoid, 141; 

 reduction of front teeth in 

 man foreshadowed in foetal 

 stages, 143; reduction of, 

 factor in shortening palatal 

 arch, 143; effect of civilization 

 on human, 149; numbers of, 

 in man and anthropoids, 145; 

 comparison with those of 

 Dryopitheciis and Sivapithe- 

 cus, 149; nose form and, Fig. 

 89, facing 170, 169; incisors, 

 human, 136; three types of 

 upper central, 138, Fig. 73, 



139; canines, dog-toothed 

 type of predatory animals, 

 115; souvenirs of carnivorous 

 ancestry. Fig. 50, 80, 136; 

 "feminized" aspect of hu- 

 man, 141; diminution of 

 human lower, 144; in func- 

 tional alignment with incisors 

 in man, 144; premolars, front 

 lower, of anthropoids, 144; 

 human, history of, 146; 

 molars, of anthropoids, 57; 

 comparison of human and 

 cynodont, 145; kinship of 

 human and anthropoid, 146; 

 human, history of, 146; fovea 

 anterior of, in anthropoids 

 and primitive man, 149; fovea 

 posterior of, in anthropoids 

 and primitive man, 149; 

 lower, 149; "cruciform pat- 

 tern" of. Fig. 80, 151; "Dry- 

 opithecus pattern" of lower, 

 149, Fig. 79, 150 

 of amphibians, 31 

 of Australian aboriginal. Fig. 



80, 151 

 of chimpanzee, Fig. 74, 140; 



Fig. 79, 150 

 of crossopts, on dentary, 108; 

 origin of, 109; structure of 

 fossil, Fig. 18, following 30, 

 112; attachment to derm 

 bones, 112; advance toward 

 higher vertebrates of, 113; 

 origin of larger teeth of, 

 117 

 of cyclostomes, 98, Fig. 60, 99 

 of cynodonts. Fig. 53, 85, 115; 

 mammal-like dentition, 116 

 of Cynognathus, Fig. 77, 147 

 of Deltatheridium, Fig. 77, 147 

 of Diademodon, Fig. 77, 147 

 of Didelphodus, Fig. 77, 147 

 of Dryopithecus, rhenanus. Fig. 

 38, 62; fontani. Fig. 75, 144, 

 Fig. 79, 150; cauUeyi, Fig. 75, 

 144, Fig. 79, 150; frickw. 

 Fig. 41, facing 66; Fig. 79, 

 150 

 of Ehringsdorf man, see Man, 



Neanderthal 

 of Egyptian, Fig. 72, 137 

 of Eoanthropus, Fig. 37, 61, Fig. 

 38, 62, Fig. 41, facing 66, 72, 



292 



