INDEX 



Tongue — {Continued) 



ment of secondary palate, 

 119; lacking in Ampfiioxus, 

 123; of hags and lampreys, 

 123; of shark, 123; of amphi- 

 bians, 123; of mammals, 123; 

 of early and higher primates, 

 123; papilla vallatse of, in 

 orang and man, 123; figured 

 by Klaatsch, 124; of young 

 gorilla. Fig. 67, 124; of man, 

 Fig. 67, 124; Fig. 68, 125; 

 of monkey. Fig. 68, 125; 

 muscles of, in anthropoids 

 and man, 125; Robinson 

 cited on, 126; influence of 

 human, on evolution of lower 

 jaw, 126; in human embryo, 

 126 



Tonsils, origin in branchial arches, 

 126 



Tooth-bearing plates, primary 

 jaws in mammals supplanted 

 by, 104 



Tornaria, larva of Balanoglossvs, 

 Fig. 55, 93 



Tragus, little known of origin of, 

 211; development of the, 212 



Tree-shrew, pen-tailed. Fig. 30, 

 facing 52; of Indo-Malayan 

 region, apparent relation to 

 Basal Eocene mammals of 

 Montana, 53; (Cretaceous) 

 Leipsanolcstes siegfriedti, jaw 

 of. Fig. 37, 61; left lower 

 molar of. Fig. 38, 62; In- 

 drodon, left upper molar of, 

 Fig. 38, 62 



Tremataspu, Fig. 4, 11; character- 

 istics of mouth of, 96 



Triassic, Ictidopsis of, frontispiece; 

 Fig. 28, 49; hair of mammals 

 possibly developed during, 

 42; labyrinthodonts and steg- 

 ocephalians of, 115; mam- 

 mal-like reptiles of the, 158 



Triconodont mammals, teeth of, 

 136 



Trilobites, mouth-legs of, 6 



Trimerorhaehis, lower jaw of. Fig. 

 64, 111 



Trinil man, see Pithecanthropus 



Turbinal bones, early structures 

 resembling, 158; in monkeys 

 and man, 161 



Turtle, lower jaw of embryo. Fig. 

 64, 111 



Tympanic membrane, 202; Fig. 

 103, 203 



Tympanum, formation by amphi- 

 bians, 89; Fig. 17, 30, 216; of 

 human ear, 202; Fig. 103, 

 203; Fig. Ill, 216 



Tyrolese, nose of. Fig. 89, 170 



Ultra-violet rays, injurious effect 

 on many organisms, 174 



Utriculus, of human ear, 202; Fig. 

 103, 203 



Vertebral column, evolution of 

 primate, 63 



Vertebrates, derivation of, 5; 

 Patten's theory of derivation 

 of, 7, 92, 182; orthodox 

 theory of derivation of, 7, 93; 

 period of origin of, 8; changed 

 heritage of, 10; antiquity of, 

 10; predaceous ancestry of, 12; 

 jaws of earliest landliving, 

 25; real ancestors of the 

 higher, 25; inheritance of 

 framework of face from lower, 

 91; characters of ancestors of, 

 93; origin of mouth of, 94, 

 Fig. 56, 94; organization of, 

 adapted to predaceous mode 

 of life, 101; potentialities of 

 skin in ancestors of, 100, 101; 

 gill pouches of embryos of 

 higher, 102; derivation of jaw 

 muscles of, Fig. 61, 103, 104; 

 primary upper jaw of, at- 

 tached to skull, 104, Fig. 62, 

 105; primary jaws masked by 

 secondary, 106; secondary 

 jaws as evidence of unity of 

 origin of all, 107; branchial 

 skeleton of, compared with 

 human, 128; eyes of inverte- 

 brate compared with eyes of, 

 178; origin of paired eyes of, 

 178; Patten's theory of de- 

 rivation of eyes of, 182; 

 evidence of embryology on 

 origin of eye of. Fig. 97, 185, 

 186; Eustachian tube in 

 higher, 208 



Viscera, of Primates, results of 

 study of, 63 



294 



