12 Descriptions of Pre2'>arations. 



senting the homologously-placed liypapopliyses of lower vertebrata. 

 The segment of bone which completes the ring of the atlas ante- 

 riorly is homologous with these hypapophysial downgrowths. 

 The last cervical vertebra in the Rabbit has not, as it has in the 

 Rat, any connection with the tubercle of the first dorsal rib. 



Eight of the dorsal vertebrae, from the second to the ninth inclu- 

 sively, have, each, two half facets on their centra, the first has one 

 whole facet anteriorly and a half facet posteriorly, and the tenth, 

 eleventh, and twelfth have, each of them, single whole facets placed 

 on the anterior superior angle of the lateral aspect of their centra, 

 for articulation with the heads of the ribs. The neural spines of 

 the dorsal vertebrae are largely developed, their apices from the 

 second to the ninth showing a tendency to become bifid antero- 

 posteriorly. The tenth is the anticlinal vertebra, and upon it and 

 upon each succeeding vertebra down to the sacrum a large meta- 

 pophysis is developed. A small anapophysis is also seen to take 

 origin from the base of its neural arch, and to be possessed by each 

 succeeding vertebra up to the antepenultimate lumbar. Several of 

 the anterior, as also of the posterior dorsal vertebrae, have low 

 hypapophysial ridges developed subcentrally ; and longer ones pos- 

 sessing the character of spines are developed on the three anterior 

 lumbar vertebrae. The lumbar vertebrae, their metapophyses, and 

 their distally bifid transverse processes increase in size from before 

 backwards as far as the penultimate one ; the transverse processes 

 point obliquely forward, but form a more open angle with the long 

 axis of the column than they do in the Rat. 



4. Common Pigeon (Columba Livia), 



Showing nervous, digestive, circulatory, and parts of respiratory and renal systems. 



The brain has been exposed in situ by the removal of the roof 

 of the cranium ; the integument has been removed from the right 

 side of the front of the cervical region, as have also most of 

 the feathers from the entire body; an opening has been made into 

 the right side of the crop, which has been distended ; the larger 

 part of the right half of the body walls has been removed, 

 together with the muscles and the limbs which it supported, and 

 a red injection has been thrown into and filled the venous system. 



