22 Descriptions of Preparations . 



similar foramina are seen on the upper or visceral surface of the 

 bone^ as also in the interspaces of the bifid articular surfaces for the 

 sternal ribs. Short hyposternal processes project upwards from 

 the anterior end of the line on which these ribs abut, but they do 

 not attain the proportions nor take the direction of the homologous 

 processes in the common fowl. Neither has the furculum the 

 downward projecting lamina developed at its symphysis, which 

 is characteristic of that bone in the Rasores. The scapula, a 

 broadsword -shaped bone, has a small bony outgrowth developed 

 on its lower edge, about one third of an inch from its articular 

 surface. The process is very well marked in the Dodo, and serves 

 in the Pigeon to give insertion to the tendon of the serratus 

 anticus minor. The processes of membrane which pass from the 

 episternum to the coracoids and furculum have been taken to 

 represent the episternum and epicoracoids of Lacertilia and Mono- 

 tremata. From the upper end of the coracoid two strong liga- 

 ments pass outwards to be attached, one in front of, the other 

 behind, the articular head of the humerus. Immediately posteriorly 

 to the insertion of the anterior ligament, a broad smooth facet 

 is seen, which, in the perfect condition of the parts, was played 

 upon by the tendon of the great pectoral muscle inferiorly and 

 superiorly by the coracoid head of the biceps, to the shorter or 

 humeral head of which latter muscle it gave origin by its posterior 

 concave border. Superiorly to this smooth facet we have the 

 great tuberosity of the humerus rising into a triangular process 

 for the reception of the insertion of the great pectoral tendon, 

 and nearer to the middle dorsal line we have a low ridge for the 

 insertion of the tendon of the second pectoral, the great elevator 

 muscle of the humerus. An irregularly-shaped bony process, 

 placed internally to and between the articular head and the 

 smooth facet of the humerus, and separated externally from this 

 latter surface by the furrow in which the anterior coracohumeral 

 ligament is inserted, forms with this smooth facetted process a 

 cup-shaped cavity perforated at its bottom by pneumatic foramina. 

 From the inner and outer lips of this cup, and from a considerable 

 portion of its internal surface, the triceps took an extensive and 

 bifid humeral origin ; whilst into the segment of its rim, which 

 is placed immediately inferiorly and posteriorly to the insertion 

 of the coracohumeral ligament, the large teres major s. infra- 



