36 Descriptions of Preparations. 



' parosteaF bones which are developed from the skin and the sub- 

 cutaneous and aponeurotic tracts underlying it, and form the 

 important bones known as 'clavicle' and ' interclavicle/ This 

 preparation shows eminently well the loose connection and wide 

 interspaces which exist between the skin and the muscles of the 

 body-walls. In this interspace the bloodvessels and lymphvessels 

 take a considerable development, but, as in cold-blooded animals 

 usually, we observe an entire, or an almost entire, absence of 

 adipose tissue. 



The heart is seen in the middle line in the notch between the 



main lobes of the liver. In the main median fissure of this latter 



organ the gall-bladder is lodged, but, Hke the posteriorly-placed 



commissural bridge of hepatic tissue connecting the two lobes, is 



concealed from view by their apposition. The epigastric, or anterior 



abdominal vein, here, as in all cold-blooded air-breathing animals, 



one of the main factors of the portal vein, passes into this fissure 



to join the visceral factors of that vessel. The left division of the 



liver, which is much the larger of the two, and is itself deeply 



incised as though to indicate its morphological correspondence 



with much more of the substance of the gland than is called by 



the same name in Anthropotomy, overlies, superiorly, the lower 



three-fourths of the distended left lung, and, inferiorly, the stomach 



and duodenum. In the angle between the pylorus and the lower 



end of the lung is seen the testis of that side in a state of tur- 



gescence, with which the condition of the basal joint of the pollex 



is to be noted as correlated. The epigastric vein is seen in the 



region of the symphysis of the pelvic arch to receive factors from 



the bifid allantoid bladder. On the dorsal surface of this organ is 



seen the rectum round and behind which the first segment of the 



intestine has passed, so as to abut upon the epigastric vein by the 



convex aspect of a loop open towards the right. This first portion 



of the intestine, it may be remarked, has its internal surface greatly 



increased by the development upon it of mucous folds the larger 



of which have the direction of the ' valvulae conniventes,' and the 



smaller of which have a longitudinal direction, so that the internal 



surface of the bowel has a beautifully reticulated appearance. The 



portion of intestine which follows upon the coil just described, lies 



on the right side of the median line, and having formed one or 



two more or less well-marked loops, ends in the large intestine 



