Pupa of Death's-head Moth. 77 



an eighth^ which belongs to the most anteriorly placed of the 

 abdominal segments, is concealed by the wing-case on either side. 

 The ninth abdominal ring is marked by a depression on either side 

 of the middle ventral line, the lines limiting which extend into 

 the interspace between it and the eighth segment, and indicate 

 thus the normal position of the outlet of the generative glands. 

 Posteriorly to this symmetrical depression, and separated from it 

 by the entire breadth of the tenth segment, is seen an azygos 

 depression with an antero-posterior direction indicative of the true 

 position of the anus, which is in relation with the eleventh ab- 

 dominal segment and its appendages, one of which the apical horn 

 may be taken to represent. The dorsal part of the mesothorax or 

 ' mesonotum' is largely developed ; and the wing-cases are seen 

 to take origin along either side of it, as well as from the much 

 smaller ' metanotum,"* which is represented by a dumb-bell-shaped 

 mass, constricted mesially and rugose on the surface. The ' pro- 

 notum^ is much larger both relatively and absolutely than in the 

 perfect insect, and forms a transversely elongate oval mesially 

 carinate shield. The head-cover is divided by faintly marked 

 transverse lines into three portions ; the most posterior of which 

 gives origin to the ' ceratothecae,' and appears to correspond to 

 the 'parietal scales^ of the larva and the ' epicranium'' of the imago, 

 whilst the two anterior portions correspond to the 'frontal scale ^ 

 of the larva, and the posterior and anterior ' clypeus^ of the imago. 

 The middle division of the head cover is the largest, the antei'ior 

 is minute and the smallest of the three. In the middle line infe- 

 riorly between the 'ophthalmothecae^ is seen the ' glossotheca^ in 

 which the ' spirignatha' or ' antlia' of the future imago is lodged ; 

 and externally to it on either side upwards, the ' podothecae,' 

 ' ceratothecae,' and ' pterothecae,^ lodging respectively the future 

 feet, antennae, and wings. 



For the relations of the posterior segments of the abdomen to the 

 generative and anal outlets, see Lacaze Duthiers, Annales des 

 Sciences Nat., 1853, torn, xix., Ser. iii., p. 220; Huxley, 

 Linn. Soc. Trans., 1858, vol. xxii., p. 230. 



For the nomenclature adopted by various writers for the various 

 parts of the external skeleton, see Newport, Cyclopaedia of 

 Anatomy and Physiology, Article ' Insecta,' pp. 885, 913 ; and 



