1920.] B. Ghosh : Anatomy of the Solemdae. 67 



chamber on the left side and passes forward and downward to 

 reach the base of the foot, graduall}^ shifting to the middle line in 

 its course. The intestine begins from the right side of the pylorus 

 close to the origin of the coecum of the crystalline style. The 

 intestine immediately after its origin forms a number of closely 

 placed coils and then passes forward along the dorsal aspect of 

 the coecum to the base of the foot. It then turns backwards and 

 passes in the same direction along the left side of the dorsal aspect 

 of the coecum to the dorsal aspect of the visceral mass between 

 its left wall and the stomach, where it sharply bends downward and 

 forward to pass along the left side of the coecum to reach the base 

 of the foot again. Lastly, it curves backward and passes along the 

 right side to reach the posterior and dorsal aspect of the visceral 

 mass, where it forms a broad loop to end in the rectum. The 

 rectum has its usual course. The digestive gland surrounds the 

 stomach but does not reach the anterior adductor muscle. 



The glandular sac of the kidney is placed on the ventral aspect 

 and then on the outer side of the non-glandular sac, extending 

 backward to the posterior adductor muscle and lying beneath the 

 retractor pedis posterior muscle and its bifurcation. Posteriorly 

 from the glandular sac a big diverticulum is given off, which in its 

 forward course gives origin to another small sac interpolated 

 between itself and the glandular sac. The non-glandular sac in its 

 backward course lies at first between the venacava and the peri- 

 cardium in contact with its fellow of the opposite side, but separa- 

 ted from it in its further course by the venacava coming in contact 

 with the pericardium. There is an interrenal aperture between 

 the two non-glandular sacs. 



The viscero-parietal ganglia are placed beneath the bifurcation 

 of the retractor pedis posterior muscle. The pedal ganglia are 

 placed in the visceral mass just above the junction of the dorsal 

 and ventral halves and at a distance from the base of the foot 

 nearly equalling its long axis. 



The gonads extend along the side of the stomach to the 

 dorsal aspect of the oesophagus. 



The anatomical study of the animal distinctly shows that the 

 genus is more primitive than the members of the other two sub- 

 families. Further, the animal seems to be secondarily modified 

 as shown from its flattening in the dorso-ventral direction. The 

 short stumpy foot with a disc-like flattened surface is certainly an 

 indication of its primitive nature. 



vSubfam. SOLECURTINAE. 



iS.sS. Subfam. Pharinae (pars), Adams, Gen. Recent Moll.. II, p. 342. 

 1862. Siliquaria (pars), Bronn, T/iiei'-Reichs, Malacozoa Acephala, HI 

 (2), p. 476. 



The present subfamily include the rest of the genera. Form- 

 ing a natural group, they are more primitive than the members of 

 the Soleninae, but are greatly specialised and less primitive than 

 Novaculina. In the presence of a cruciform muscle and in the con- 



