E920.] G. A. BOULENGER : Frogs of the Genus Rana. 9 



narrower than the upper eyelid ; tibia 3 to 4 times as long' as broad ; 

 nasal bones large and in contact with each other or narrowly separated. 

 Fingers pointed ; toes entirely webbed ; male with in- 

 ternal vocal sacs ., . ... ... ... R. plancyi, Lataste. 



Fingers obtuse or obtusely pointed ; toes f to entirely 



webbed; male with external vocal sacs ... ... R. esculenta,\.. 



Fingers obtusely pointed ; toes | webbed ; male with 

 external vocal sacs and a very large flat gland on the 

 side of the body ... ... ... ... R. pleuraden, Blgr. 



b. Canthus rostralis distinct ; interorbital space at least | the width of the 

 upper eyelid ; nasal bones small and wide!)' separated from each other ; 

 male with internal vocal sacs. 

 Head as long as broad or a little broader ; tympanum 

 f to f diameter of eye .• tibio- tarsal articulation reach- 

 ing tip of snout or a little beyond ; tibia 3 to 4 



times as long as broad ; toes entirely webbed ... R. graJiami, Blgr. 



Head as long as broad or a little broader ; tympanum 

 f to ^ diameter of eye ; tibio-tarsal articulation reach- 

 ing nostril, tip of snout, or a little beyond ; tibia 



4 to 5| times as long as broad ; toes ^ to f webbed .. R. japojiica, Gthr, 

 Head longer than broad ; tympanum f to f diameter 

 of eye ; tibio-tarsal articulation reaching beyond tip 

 of snout ; tibia 5| to 6 times as long as broad ; toes 

 I webbed ... ... ... ... R. longicriis, Ste]r\. 



n. Outer metatarsals bound together in their basal third or half ; tibia 4 to 4J 

 times as long as broad ; tibio-tarsal articulation reaching anterior border 

 of eye or between eye and tip of snout ; toes ^ to | webbed ; tympanum 

 f to f diameter of eye. 

 Heels strongly overlapping ; inner metatarsal tubercle 

 compressed, very prominent, f to f length of inner 

 toe ... ... ... .. ... R. lateralis, Blgr. 



Heels not overlapping ; inner metatarsal tubercle less 



than I length of inner toe .. ... ... R. okinavana, Boettg. 



B. Omosternal style forked at the base ; outer meta- 

 tarsals united in their basal half ; tibia 3^ to 4 

 times as long as broad ; tibio-tarsal articulation 

 reaching tympanum or eye ; toes ^ to ^ webbed ; 

 tympanum | to once diameter of eye ; male with 

 external vocal sacs and a humeral gland ... R. malabarica, Tsch. 



The synopsis is not an artificial key merely for the ready 

 identification of the species ; although I trust it will answer that 

 most important purpose, it also aims at conveying the expression 

 of what I conceive to be the true relationships from a phyletic 

 standpoint. These relationships are best expressed by the follow- 

 ing attempt at grouping the species into natural sections : — 



A. Ranae hexadactylae. The most generalized type, from 

 which the three following sections, as well as the genus Oxyglossus, 

 may be conceived to have been derived. 



R. hexadactyla ^ R. cyanophlyctis. 



B. Ranae tigrinae. Lead to -Tomopterna. 



R. verruculosa, R. cancrivora, R. tigrina, R. verrucosa^ R, lim- 

 nocharis, R. greenii, R. hrevipalmata. 



C. Ranae grunnientes. Lead to Discodeles. 



R. grunniens, R. macrodon, R. magna, R. modesta, R. micro- 

 tympanum^ R. doriae, R. macrognathus , R. pileata, R. plicatella, R. 

 hascheana^ R. limborgii, R. microdisca , R. palavanensis , R. narina. 



