10 Records of the Indian Museum. [Vol. XX, 



D. Ranar kuhlianae. Lead to the genus Nyctihatrachus. 

 R. corrugata, R. kuhlii, R. laticeps. 



E. Ranae liebigianae. Derived from some primitive type, 

 unknown,' Leads to Nanorana. 



R. feae, R. yunnanensi'<, R. tibetana, R. sternosignata, R. spi- 

 nosa, R. phrynoides, R. gammiei, R. liehigii, R. annandalii, R. 

 assamensis, R. vicina, R. blanjordii. 



F. Ranae typicae. The group characteristic of the Eurasian 

 and North American regions, of which the Ranae cateshianae prob- 

 abl}^ represent the most primitive type. Lead to Hylorana. 



R. plancyi, R. esculenta, R.pleuraden, R. grahami, R. japonica. 

 R. longicrus, R. lateralis, R. okinavana. 



G. Ranae malabaricae. Probably derived from the preced- 

 ing; a second species {R. galamensis) in Africa. 



R. malabarica. 



I. Rana hexadactyla. 



Rana grunniens, part., Daud, Hist. Rain. Gre)i. Crap. p. 65 (1803), and 



Hist. Rept. VIII, p. 127 (1803). 

 Rana hexadactyla, Lesson, in Belang., Voy. Ind. Or., Rept. p. 331 (1834) ; 



Tschudi, Class. Batr. pp. 40, 8a (1838) ; Giinth., Cat. Uatr. Sal, p. 11 



(1858), and Rept Brit. Ind. p. 405 (1864) ; Steind., Novara, Amph. 



p. 19 (1867); Giinth., Proc. Zool. Soc. 1875, p. 568 ; Bouleng., Cat. 



Batr. Ecaud. p. 17 (1882), and Faun. Ind., Rept. p. 441 (1890); 



Ferguson, Journ. Bomb. N.H. Soc. XV, 1904, p. 500, pi. A, fig. 2 ; 



Annand.-and Rao, Rec. hid. Mus. XV, 1918, p. 31, pi. ii, fig, 2. 

 Dactyletlira bengalensis, Lesson, ///. Zool. pi. xlvii (1834). 

 Rana cutipora, Dum. et Bibr., Erp. Gen. VIII, p. 339 (1841). 

 Rana robusta, Blyth, Journ. As. Soc. Beng. XXIII, 1854, p. 298. 

 ? Rana Jieweraellia, Kelaart, Prodr. Faun. Zeyl. I, p. 292 (1852). 



Vomerine teeth in strong oblique series from the inner anterior 

 corners of the choanae to a little beyond the level of their pos- 

 terior borders; less developed in the young, in which they form 

 short oblique series or small groups just behind the level of the 

 posterior borders of the choanae. The cornua at the back of the 

 tongue longer and more pointed than usual in the genus, often 

 with a median process between them. 



Form robust, body not at all constricted at the waist. 



Head as long as broad or broader than long, much depressed ; 

 snout rounded or obtusely pointed, scarcely projecting beyond the 

 mouth, longer than the eye in the adult ; canthus rostralis indis- 

 tinct ; loreal region very oblique, feebly concave; nostril nearer 

 the end of the snout than the eye ; distance between the nostrils 

 equal to or a little greater than the interorbital width, which is 

 much less than that of the upper eyelid; tympanum distinct, f to 

 once the diameter of the eye, i| to 4 times as long as its distance 

 from the latter. 



1 Of which the Erithrean-Abyssinian R. beccarii, Blgr. is perhaps the nearest 

 surviving representative. 



