1920.] G. A. BouLKNGKR : Frogs of the Genus Rana. 29 



Fingers obtusely pointed, first longer than the second, third as 

 long as the snout or a little shorter or a little longer ; subarticular 

 tubercles well dev^eloped and very prominent. 



Hind limb moderately long, the tibio-tarsal articulation reach- 

 ing the tympanum, the eye, or the nostril, the heels more or less 

 overlapping ' when the limbs are folded at right angles to the body ; 

 tibia 2| to si times as long as broad, 1} to 2-|- times in length from 

 snout to vent, as long as or a little longer than the foot, rarely 

 a little shorter, usually a little shorter than the fore limb. Toes 

 obtusely pointed or slightly swollen at the end, usually ^ webbed 

 three phalanges of fourth free, rarely f webbed,* only two pha- 

 langes of fourth free ; outer metatarsals united in the basal half or 

 third; subarticular tubercles rather small but very prominent; 

 tarsal fold absent or reduced to the distal half ; inner metatarsal 

 tubercle oval or elliptical, blunt, J to f the length of the inner 

 toe ; a small outer metatarsal tubercle exceptionalh^ very indis- 

 tinct,^ or confluent with the dermal fold of the outer toe. 



Upper parts with more or less prominent warts, with or with- 

 out longitudinal glandular folds on the back, which are usually 

 short or much interrupted ; a more or less distinct fold across the 

 head, behind the eyes, and a strong, curved, glandular fold from 

 the eye to above the shoulder. Lower parts smooth, or posterior 

 part of belly and proximal part of thighs granulate. 



Grey, brown, or olive above, sometimes suffused with bright 

 carmine,* usually with more or less distinct dark markings, of 

 which the following are the most characteristic, although by no 

 means constant : — A V-shaped band from eye to eye ; a >-<-shaped 

 marking on the back between the fore limbs, the fork on each side 

 embracing a light spot, which is sometimes continued as a band 

 along the body ; ^ this dark marking sometimes W-shaped or broken 

 up into five spots ; a straight or V-shaped band across the sacral 

 region. A yellowish vertebral line or broad band often present, 

 dividing the above markings. Lips with dark vertical bars, two 

 of which usually proceed from the eye ; limbs with complete or, 

 more often, incomplete dark cross-bars ; rarely a Hght line along 

 the calf: sides of thighs yellow, marbled with black. Lower parts 

 white, throat rarely mottled with brown.' 



Male with a vocal sac on each side, forming loose folds on 

 the throat, which is brown or blackish on the sides, more fre- 

 quently with a large M-shaped black marking ; fore limbs robust , 

 a rather strong pad on the inner side of the first finger. 



1 Describing a female specimen from Japan, Stejneger says the heels only 

 touch, without overlapping. I have never seen such a specimen ; in the one 

 with the shortest limbs (Shanghai) the heels slightly overlap. Stejneger how- 

 ever contradicts himself on this point, as in the key to the species of Rana (p. 94) 

 he assigns to R. limnocharis " heels overlapping considerably." 



'^ Several specimens from Malabar. 



3 A few specimens from Malabar, Sikkim, and Borneo. 



* Cy. Boulenger, P.Z.S. 1890, p. 31. 



6 This light band is a remnant of that which is often better developed in R. 

 tigrina and R. cancrivoi'a. "^ Specimens from the Nilgiries. 



