88 Records of the Indian Museum. [Vol. XX, 



equal to or less than that of the upper eyelid. Lower parts 

 smooth, or posterior part of belly feebly granulate. 



Green, olive, brown, or grey above, with dark olive or blackish 

 spots, which are sometimes transversely dilated; dorso-lateral 

 fold bronzy or of the same colour as the back, the spots often 

 extending over it ; sometimes a pale green vertebral streak or 

 broad band ; limbs with or without dark cross-bands ; hinder side 

 of thighs olive, or whitish marbled with olive or blackish. Lower 

 parts white, often speckled, spotted or marbled with blackish. 



Males with grey or blackish external vocal sacs, retractile into 

 a slit behind the commissure of the jaws; fore limb strong; a 

 pad-like swelling at the base of the inner finger, covered, during 

 the breeding season, with a grey layer of minute horny granules. 



Nasal bones moderately large, transverse or more or less 

 oblique, meeting or narrowly separated on the median line, not 

 in contact with the frontoparietals ; only a small portion of the 

 ethmoid uncovered above in the adult: zygomatic process of 

 squamosal long, at least as long as the posterior process. Omo- 

 sternal style entire. Terminal phalanges slightly expanded distally. 



Eggs small, i to ii milHm. in diameter. 



Tadpole with the tail about twice the length of the body and 

 acutely pointed. Beak broadly edged with black ; lips bordered 

 with papillae on the sides and on the lower border ; upper lip with 

 a long series of horny teeth, followed on each side by a short 

 series; lower lip with 3 series of teeth, the 2 outer uninterrupted, 

 the innermost also uninterrupted, or narrowly interrupted. 



Habitat. vSouthern and Eastern Europe, North Africa, Asia as 

 far south as the Sinaitic Peninsula, as far east as Turkestan, Balu- 

 chistan and Afghanistan. 



Var. chinensis. 



Raiia chinejisis, Osbeck, Voy. Cliina, I, p. 299 (1771); Bonnat., Encycl, 



Meth., Erp. p. 6 (1789); Stone, Proc. Ac. Philad. 1899, P- i^3 ^ 



Bolkay, Allatt. Kbzl. Budapest, VIII, 1909, p. 53, pi. viii, and Proc. 



IVashingt. Ac. XIII, 191 1, p. 67, pi. vi. 

 Pana esculenta, Schleg., Faun Japan., Kept. p. 109, pi. iii, fig. I (1S36). 

 Pana esculenta, var. japonica, Maack, Voy. Amour, p. 153 (1859) ; 



Bouleng., Cat. Batr. Ecaiid. p. 40, fig. (1882). 

 Pana marmorata. Hallow., Pror. Ac. Philad. i860, p. 500; Camerano, 



Atti Ace. Torin. XIV, 1879, p. 871. 

 Pana nigromaculata, Hallow., I.e. ; Stejneg., Herp. Jap- P- 94. fig- (i9'V) ! 



Annand., Mem. As. Soc. Beng. VI, 1917, p. 140, pi. vi, fig. 4. 

 HoplobatracJius reinhardti, Peters, Mon. Berl. Ac. 1867, p. 711. 

 Tomopterna porosa, Cope, Proc. Ac. Philad. 1868, p. HI. 

 Pana reinhardti, Moellend., Journ. N. China Br. As. Soc. (2) XI, 1877, 



p. 105. 

 Pana esculenta ynarmorata, Lataste, Bull. Soc. Zool. France, 1880, p. 61. 

 Pana porosa, Bouleng., Cat. Batr. Ecaud. p. 40. 

 Pana esculenta, var. nigromaculata, Bouleng., Proc. Zool. Soc. 1891, 



p. 376; Bedriaga, IViss. Pes. Przewalski Exped., Zool. Ill, i, p. 11 



(1899); Werner, Abh. Bayer. Ak. XXII, 1903, p. 358. 

 Pana esculenta, var. chinensis, Bouleng., Taill. Batr. Eur. p. 272 (1898) ; 



Mehely, Zool. Ergebn. ZicJiy Forschujigsr. p. 62 (1899); Wolterst., 



Abh Mits. Magdeb. I, 1906, p. 135. 



