[HOWLEY | THE LABRADOR BOUNDARY QUESTION 297 
of Canada for the admission of Rupert’s land and the North West 
Territory, etc. 
In the act 22-23 Victoria, 1859, mention is made of the “ Indian 
“Territories, or parts of America, not within the limits of either of the 
“the Provinces of Lower or Upper Canada.” I draw attention to these 
words in order to show that there are specific and definite limits to the 
Provinces of Quebec and Ontario outside of which they have no right or 
claim to jurisdiction. The idea seems to prevail at Quebec and Ottawa 
that whatever portion of North Eastern America does not belong to New- 
foundland, belongs ipso facto to them. ‘This is an entirely mistaken 
notion. Their provinces are clearly and distinctly limited and bounded 
by the proclamation of 1763 and the subsequent acts, and outside that 
boundary they have no locus standi. The vast unbounded territory 
stretching away to the Pole belongs, no doubt, to the British Empire, but 
not to the Province of Quebec or Ontario. Hence it is that I stated 
in the beginning of this article that, whatever dispute there may be as to 
the extent of the jurisdiction of Newfoundland on Labrador Coast, it is 
a dispute or question directly with the Imperial Government, and Quebec 
has no place at all in the question. 
There is indeed a clause in the British North America Act of 1871 
by which the Parliament of Canada is authorized “to make provision 
“from time to time for the administration, peace, and order, and good 
“government of any territory, not for the time being included in any 
“ province” (of the Dominion). 
This clause does not seem to imply any dominion over such ter- 
ritories. At all events it can not in any way affect any portion of ter- 
ritory belonging to Newfoundland, nor does it give any privilege to the 
Province of Quebec. 
It was, I presume, acting upon the powers conferred by this act that 
Canada established the Police Station at Fullerton on the N. W. shore 
of Hudson’s Bay. 
There is another clause in the same act by which the “ Parliament 
of Canada” is empowered “ from time to time, with the consent of the 
“Legislature of any Province, to increase, diminish, or otherwise alter 
“the limits of such Province.” This act was passed some four years 
after the formation of the Canadian Dominion (1867), and was found 
necessary, on account of doubts having arisen as to the powers of the 
Parliament of the New Dominion, concerning the boundaries of Pro- 
vinces already admitted, or territories to be admitted in future into the 
Confederation of the Dominion. It does not of course apply to New- 
foundland or any province not then joining the Dominion. 
