[HOWLEY ]} THE LABRADOR BOUNDARY QUESTION 301 
“possessed by, or granted to, any of our subjects, etc.” It is not to 
be wondered at then, that the company from time to time gradually ex- 
tended their claim until at length they spread their wings away, as far 
as the Rocky Mountains on the west; indeed at one time, actually reached 
the Pacific Coast, and off to Cockburn Land on the north, thus absorbing 
the whole central territory of the Dominion and specifically nearly the 
whole Province of Ontario, and the entire Provinces of Manitoba, Assi- 
niboia, Alberta, Athabasca, Saskatchewan, Keewatan, McKenzie, etc., 
as is shown on the map of J. Arrowsmith, dated 1857. 
On the earlier maps such as those of DeLisles, 1739, and a map 
dated 1756, the territory claimed by the company shows but a very 
modest strip starting from the S.W. corner of Ungava Bay at the mouth 
of the River Caniopuscaw or Koksoak, and encircling by a narrow strip 
the lower portion of Hudson’s Bay known as James Bay, and terminating 
on the west side of Hudson’s Bay at the mouth of Nelson’s River, in 
latitude about 56 degrees north. This map, which is to be found in 
“ A Report of the Boundaries of Ontario by Mills, M.P. (but no author’s 
name is given), is very important, as the territory of Hudson’s Bay 
Company is especially marked as having been “ restored by France at 
the Treaty of Utrecht.” It shows the eastern starting point of the 
territory then claimed by the company as mentioned above at the S.W. 
corner of Ungava Bay in latitude 68 degrees W., about eight degrees, or 
about 170 miles west of Chidley, thus removing westwards by that much 
the starting point of Newfoundland jurisdiction.” 
The word Cape Chidley, or Chudleigh, has appeared in recent 
documents as the entrance to Hudson’s Straits, but this is only an error 
of copyists and can not at all be admitted. Cape Chidley is situated 
in latitude 60 degrees north, long. 64 degrees W.; it has been very ap- 
propriately called by one of the old navigators (Gomara) “ the cusp of 
Labrador.” Upon closer examination we shall immediately find that 
Cape Chidley is not the entrance to Hudson’s Straits; or Hudson’s Bay, 
but to the very large and wide 
Ungava Bay. 
Cape Chidley is the southern point of the entrance to this large Bay. 
The northern side of the entrance is Resolution Island, at a distance 
of seventy-five miles. But immediately on rounding the point of Cape 
Chidley the great Bay of Ungava spreads out between the Meta Incognita 
on the north and Labrador territory on the south to a width of over 
two hundred miles, and extends westwardly to the same distance of 200 
miles, when it gradually narrows to a channel of from 40 to 50 miles 
between Fox Land on the north and Esquimaux Land on the south. 
