[prINcE] BLOLOGICAL INVESTIGATION OF CANADIAN WATERS 79 
Eastern Canada, 1901, and I shall therefore be brief in my reference to 
these pioneer researches and recommend a perusal of Dr. Whiteaves’ 
admirable outline. 
Sir J. W. Dawson's Early Marine Studies. 
It was as early as 1835 that Sir William Dawson collected marine 
animals on the shores of his native county (Pictou). His “ Hand-book 
of Canadian Zoology,” 1870, contains material that must be referred 
back to these youthful marine studies, but he does not appear to have 
published any account of his work, prior to 1858 when a popular paper, 
“A Week in Gaspé,” was printed in the Canadian Naturalist (Montreal), 
followed by an account of sea anemones and hydroid zoophytes of the 
Gulf in the same journal in 1859, and a paper on “The Tubicolous 
Worms” of the same waters in 1860. These early dredgings were 
continued at intervals until 1882: but geological work during these years 
demanded chief attention, although an interesting study of the “ Food 
* of the Common Sea-Urchin,” conducted at Tadousac, is to be found in 
the American Naturalist Vol. I, 1867. In Sir William Dawson’s report 
on the Geology and Minerals of Prince Edward Island, a list of marine 
Mollusca is given by Dr. W. Bell Dawson. Dr. J. R. Willis carried on 
for twelve or thirteen years, from 1850 onwards, the collecting of marine 
shelis off the Nova Scotia coast, and his first list was published by the 
Boston Society of Natural History in 1862, but a later list was reprinted 
in 1890 in the Transactions of the N. S. Institute of Natural Science. 
Dr. Robert Bell's Investigations. 
Prominent among the pioneer students of the biology of the Gulf of 
St. Lawrence is Dr. Robert Bell who as early as 1857 carried on marine 
investigations from Rimouski to Gaspé, lists appearing in the Geological 
Survey Reports in 1858 and 1859, some of the invertebrates being deter- 
mined by Sir William Dawson. Dr. Bell continued his zoological 
studies in northern seas, an important contribution being printed in the 
Geological Survey Report 1885, the list of Mollusks obtained by Dr. 
Bell, in Hudson’s Bay and Straits in the expeditions in 1879, 1880, 
1882 and 1884 were prepared by Dr. Whiteaves, while a series of Crusta- 
ceans from Port Burwell in 1882 were described by Professor S. J. 
Smith. 
Dr. George Dawson's Early Work. 
Dr. George M. Dawson, when a student at McGill University, 
dredged during a summer holiday at Gaspé, and the collection then 
