194 ROYAL SOCIETY OF CANADA 
their close relation to each other in time, and they are the places from 
which the plant remains come that I have lately examined. 
Sir William Dawson in several publications has very firmly insiste 
that the plants from these localities are of Lower Carboniferous age, 
and he has given very full description and illustration of two species 
in particular from Gaspereau R., Aneimites Acadica and Lepidodendron 
corrugatum, as typical forms of this horizon, which he designates the 
“ Lower Coal Measures,” and they have passed into current literature 
as such. But when I came to investigate the material from Gaspereau 
KR. collected by the late Professor C. F. Hartt, contained in the museum 
of the Natural History Society of New Brunswick and my own cabinet, 
I found grave reasons for dissenting from this conclusion. * 
In going over Hartts material, which contained an abundance ot 
remains of the two fossils above named, there were found indubitable 
examples of Sir William’s genus, Psilophyton, which he regarded as 
markedly characteristic of the Devonian Age; not in rare examples, 
but in large abundance, stems, rhizomes, leaves and spore cases. 
In his revised list of the pre-Carboniferous plants of N. E. Amer- 
ica,’ he names four species of this genus, but carries none of them 
beyond the Devonian, and he gives the genus a range from (and 
including) the Upper Silurian through the Devonian. W. P. Schimper 
also says of this genus, that it is in the Upper Devonian of North 
America, and is found in the same formation in England and on the 
Rhine (Slates of Nasseau and Upper Sandstones of Moselle). The 
species which the writer has found in the shales of the Gaspereau R. 
are Psilophton princeps, P. robustius and P. elegans.’ 
One of the most abundant species at this locality is Sir William’s 
species, Aneimites Acadica, the remains of which, and especially the 
stipes, are in great profusion. Aneimites is considered by Schimper as 
congeneric with his Triphyllopteris, and they certainly are closely 
related. But the genus is not confined to the Upper Devonian, as it 
also occurs in the shales of the Little R. group, where it is represented 
by two or three species described by Dawson. W. P. Schimper* gives 
the range of Triphyllopteris (= Aneimites) thus: “Finally these 
plants are limited to the Upper Devonian and the lowest beds of the 
Carboniferous,” and he cites this species, Aneimites Acadica. as being 
Upper Devonian. 

? Fossil Plants of the Devonian and Upper Silurian formations of Canada, 
p. 85. 
?So referred by Sir William from the Gaspé examples, but perhaps not 
identical with the type, which is from the Little R. group, of much greater 
antiquity. 
#Zittel's Paleontology, vol. ii, p. 111. 
