LAND AND FRESHWATER MOLLUSCA. 
By Epear A. Smita. 
THE small collection obtained by Mr Stanley Gardiner’s expedition is of special interest 
as being the first made in these islands. As far as I can ascertain, not a single land or 
freshwater shel] has hitherto been recorded from these localities. 
The present collection comprises eight land and two freshwater forms from the Maldives 
and four terrestrial species from the Laccadives, three of which are included among those 
from the Maldives. The latter group, judging from the collection at hand, does not possess 
a single indigenous species, all the forms occurring either on the Indian Peninsula or in 
Ceylon or other localities. The single species (Sitala vagata), described as new from the 
Laccadives, will in all probability eventually be found on the mainland of South India. 
The following table shows at a glance the distribution of the species recorded :— 





India | Ceylon Other localities 
Succined vitredh..e..ccceccseeeees x 
2Sitala vagata*® n. Sp. ......++ 
Buplectas indicd...cc0cccccecsseee x 
Aestina bombayand ....00...0- x 
Rhachis punctatus? .........0+ x x Zanzibar, Mozambique 
Opens gracilis: ..........sc00+0.. x x Sumatra, Java 
2Tornatellina manilensis ...... Philippine and Natuna Is. 
2Melampus castaneus.........+.. Christmas Is., Samoa, Hawaii. 
Leptopomoides halophilus 
Melania tuberculata ............ x Me age Madagascar, Mauritius, Syria, Persia, 
Arabia, Siam, Java, Australia, &c. 
Cyrena ceylontcd .....1.csseeees 




In the “Introduction” to this work (p. 7) Mr Gardiner refers to the introduction of 
many plants by foreign vessels. Doubtless from time to time communication with the 
1 From both Maldives and Laccadives. 3 From Laccadives only. 
2 Not yet known from India or Ceylon. 
