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Eastham (J. W.). The Part played by Insects in the Spread of Plant- 

 Diseases. — Proc. Entom. Soc, British Columbia, Victoria, no. 7, 

 July 1915, pp. 18-21. [Received 19th November 1915.] 



The spores of injurious fungi may be distributed by the agency of 

 insects, the wounds produced by the latter affording a point of entrance 

 into the plant. The flea-beetle in this way aids in the spread of early 

 blight of potato and tomato, due to Macrosporium solani. Sclerotinia 

 fructigena (brown-rot) in plum and peach orchards is spread through 

 the agency of Conotrachelus nenuphar (plum curculio). Since bacteria 

 have no power of penetrating the cuticle of a plant, the role played by 

 insects as distributing agents is important. Bacillus tracheiphilus, 

 causing the wilt disease among Cucurbitaceous plants, is carried by 

 Diabr,otica vittata and D. 12-punctata (striped cucumber beetles). 

 In the case of the fire- blight of apple, pear, etc., the first infections 

 of the season are produced by insect infection of the blossoms. Many 

 kinds of flies and certain night-flying Lepidoptera may serve as carriers 

 of the disease. Examination of comb-honey to determine whether 

 the blight bacillus can live through the winter season in the hive have 

 shown it to be almost uniformly sterile. Whether any relation exists 

 between the number of bees present and the prevalence of blight is at 

 present undetermined. It is possible that if there is a scarcity of 

 flowers in early spring, bees might be attracted to running caiikers 

 and thus produce more primary blossom infection. Later in the 

 season the disease is spread by Lygus pratensis, Aphids and leaf- 

 hoppers, and in Ontario by Scolytus rugulosus (bark beetle). 



Getchell (F. H.). Some Insect Pests of the Lower Fraser Valley.— 



Proc. Entom. Soc, British Columbia, Victoria, no. 7, July 1915, 

 pp. 30-33. [Received 19th November 1915.] 



The following insect pests are recorded :■ — Eriosoma lanigerum (woolly 

 aphis), Eriophyes pyri (pear-leaf blister-mite), Eucosma {Tmetocera) 

 ocellana (bud moth), Lepidosaphes ulmi (oyster-shell scale), Malacosoma 

 erosa (tent-caterpillar), Cacoecia (Archips) rosaceana (oblique-banded 

 leaf-roller). Aphis sorbi (rosy aphis), and Enarmonia prunivora (lesser 

 apple- worm). An account of the more common methods of controlling 

 pests of fruit-trees is appended. 



Lyne (W. H.). Comments on some Peculiarities in Connection with 

 the Life-History of the Codling-Moth on the Pacific Coast. — Proc. 

 Entom. Soc, British Columbia, Victoria, no. 7, July 1910, pp. 33- 

 35. [Received 19th November 1915.] 



The majority of the adults of Cydia pomonella emerge between 

 1st July and 15th August, and during the whole season not more than 

 50 per cent, of the larvae enter the fruit at the calyx. It is thus 

 necessary to spray a second time, about four or six weeks after the 

 first application, in order to destroy larvae hatching from eggs deposited 

 on the fruit. Calyx-infestation is highest in early summer, then 

 gradually decreases. Experiment showed that no larvae left the 

 fruit until the middle of August ; the pupating season was over by 

 the middle of September and the numbers of the second brood were 

 so small as to be scarcely recognisable. 



