u I 



La Fayette in 1912 and 1913, show that on an average 13 generations 

 occur during the year. Both viviparous and oviparous forms are 

 commonly produced by the same mother, and in the same line of 

 generations, reared under exactly identical conditions, reproduction 

 may continue viviparously throughout the winter, while some members 

 of one or more of these generations may become sexual forms. The 

 sexes are, however, never produced at any time except in autumn and 

 early winter. Oviparous females are produced much oftener than 

 males, probably owing to the fact that individual males may fertilise 

 several females. The oviparous females are invariably apterous, but 

 both alate and apterous males occur. In the United States there are 

 no records of the sexual forms being produced or eggs laid on any 

 plants other than red clover and lucerne. A. pisi appears to have 

 more enemies than any other Aphid, Empusa aphidis being the most 

 important. Driving rains destroy it in great numbers, and very hot, 

 dry weather seems to hinder excessive multiplication. The Coccinellids 

 known to prey upon it are : — Hippodamia convergens, Guer., 

 H. glaciaJis, F., H. 13-punctata, L., H. parenthesis, Say, Cydoneda munda, 

 Say, Coccinella 9-notata, Hbst., Megilla fuscilabris, Muls., Adalia bi- 

 punctata, L. , and Chilocorus bivulnerus, Muls. The following Syrphids were 

 recorded by Folsom in 1909 as preying on it, in their larval state :— 

 Ocyptamus (Baccha) fuscipennis, Say, Platychirus quadratus, Say, 

 Syrphus arnericanus, Wied., S. ribesii, L., Allograpta obliqua, Say, 

 Mesogramma marginatum, Say, M. politum, Say, and Sphaerophoria 

 cylindrica, Say. The larvae of three species of lace-wing flies — Chrysopa 

 oculata, Say, C. nifilabris, Burm., and C. plorabunda. Fitch, also feed 

 on A. pisi. A Cecidomyiid larva, probably that of Aphidoletes merid- 

 ionalis. Felt, also preys on it, and is the more effective because it does 

 not attempt to consume all of the body juices, as do the Syrphids and 

 Chrysopids, but seems only to feed upon the juices of the prey until 

 it is dead. Other insects known to be predaceous on A. pisi are the 

 Pentatomid bugs, Podisus maculiventris. Say, and Euchistus variolarius, 

 P.B., the Anthocorid, Triphleps insidiosus, Say, a tree cricket, 

 Oecanthus conjiuens, H. & H., and a Lampyrid beetle, Podabms 

 tomentosus, Say {rugidosus, Lee.) An allied species, P. pruinosus, Lee, 

 was reported in 1913 by H. F. Wilson as feeding on what was probably 

 this Aphid. The mite, Rhyncholophus parvus. Banks, is also known 

 to attack it. Its parasites include the Braconids, Aphidius fletcheri, 

 Ashm., MS., A. rosae, Hal., A. washingtonensis, Ashm., Trioxys 

 cerasaphis, Fitch, and Praon simidans, Prov., and the Chalcid, 

 Megorismus fletcheri, Cwfd. 



If, in spite of natural control, this Aphid should become unduly 

 abundant, the clover should be cut as soon as possible, for cutting and 

 drying will kill most of the insects. This paper closes with a biblio- 

 graphy of 12 European and 159 American works. 



Brunner (J,). The Zimmerman Pine Moth. — U.S. Dept. Agric. 

 Washington, B.C., Bull. no. 295, 28th October 1915, 11 pp., 

 11 plates. 



In various parts of the West of the United States, Pinipestis zimmer- 

 mani, Grote (Zimmerman pine moth) is very destructive to coniferous 

 trees, and especially to Pinus ponderosa (yellow pine). It also attacks 



