related to the Noctuid, Aludaria cornifrons of India, which bores in 

 the wild kapok, Bombax malabaricum ; this insect will shortly be 

 described in the " Tijdschrift voor Entomologie " as Mudaria 

 variabilis, sp. n. Xyleborus robustae has been found on Tephrosia 

 vogeli. The HelopeUis problem requires much further study ; the 

 insect has now been found to live on Eryngium foetidum and on 

 Inocarpus edulis [Fiji chestnut]. A new species of Acrocercops was 

 found on Zaraca declinata, and attention has been directed to another 

 insect closely related to the cacao moth which has been found on 

 Bauhinia variegata ; the caterpillar lives in the flowers and pupates 

 on the leaves ; the cocoons are much smaller than those of Acrocercops 

 cramerella and are parasitised by the Ichneumonid, Phoiopfera 

 erythronota, which also attacks the cacao moth [see this Revierv, 

 Series A, i, p. 56]. The plant is possibly useful as a means of 

 propagating the parasite. 



Further research has shown that where the Gramang ant, Plagiolepis 

 longipes, is present the development of Coccus (Lecanium) viridis is 

 clearly favoured. In cacao plantations, the Gramang ant does harm 

 by driving away the black cacao ant, DolicJioderus bitubercidatus, which 

 exposes the cacao to more serious attack by HelopeUis. Various 

 methods of destroying P. longipes have been tried, but the only one 

 which gave practical results was the placing of fallen leaves in holes 

 in which the ants collected in numbers, covering them with earth 

 and treating with carbon bisulphide. D. bitubercidatiis is not regarded 

 as assisting the development of C. viridis to the same extent as 

 P. longipes. Altogether, 15 species of parasitic Hymenoptera have 

 been bred from C. viridis, some of which appear to be hyperparasites, 

 the most common being the Chalcid, Encyrtus bogoriensis, Koningsb. 

 The Coccinellids, Chilocorus melanophthalmus and Orciis janthinus, do 

 not appear to be capable of keeping down the scale within really 

 useful limits, and a study of the habits of these and other Coccinellids 

 has shown that their food is very restricted. Chilomenes sexmaculata 

 does not eat scale-insects, and Chilocorus and Orcus, while feeding 

 greedily on C. viridis, will not eat the white cacao scale, Pseudococcus 

 crotonis, or the lamtoro scale, P. virgatus. The pods of Te])hrosia 

 Candida and Crotalaria striata are attacked by the coffee weevil, 

 Araecerus fasciculatus, which, in captivity, will also feed on the pods 

 of lamtoro {Leucaena glauca) and on Tephrosia vogeli, but not in the 

 open. From a few pods, a considerable number of parasitic Hymen- 

 optera were bred, including two Braconids and three Proctotrupids. 

 A number of small Tineid larvae were obtained from the pods 

 among those of Araecerus, and they may also be enemies, though 

 further investigation is required. A very large Monophlebid scale- 

 insect has been found on the shade trees, Deguelia microjjhylla, as well 

 as on Albizzia moluccana, A. stipulata and T. vogeli. Should this 

 scale attack coffee and cacao, the consequences would be serious, as 

 the quantity of honey-dew produced is very great ; this scale is 

 parasitised by an Agromyzid, Cryptochaetum chalybeum, Meij., which 

 unfortunately has a large number of hyperparasites. 



