98 



made, the first when the flowers are beginning to show pink, the second 

 two weeks later. For the apple maggot, three applications are made 

 if the season is wet, and two if it is dry, the first being made in July, 

 the second early in August. Cherries and apples are not sprayed when 

 nearly ripe. Where molasses has been added to the poison, no injury 

 to bees has been recorded, although the insects have been attracted 

 in certain cases in which sugar has been used. The Kansas remedy 

 for cutworms and grasshoppers has been shown to have no attraction 

 for bees. 



Tower (D. G.). Biology of Apanteles militaris. — Jl. Agric. Research, 

 Washington, B.C., v, no. 12, 20th December 1915, pp. 495-507, 

 1 fig., 1 plate. 



A study of the life-history of Apanteles militaris, Walsh, a Braconid 

 parasite of Cirphis (Heliophila) unipuncta, Haw. (army worm), was 

 carried out by the author at La Fayette, Ind., beginning in September 

 1914. The average duration of the egg-stage was 5h days, and that 

 of the three larval instars about 11 days. The larva emerged from 

 the host at the termination of the second moult. The pupal period, 

 which is passed in a cocoon, averaged 9 days, the total length of the 

 life-cycle in September and October averaging 25 days. The 

 ovipositions in the larvae of the host in the third stage were the most 

 successful. In the laboratory from 8 to 72 eggs were deposited in 

 one oviposition of less than one second, and in one case of four 

 ovipositions 210 eggs were deposited in the same host. The parasitic 

 larvae usually emerged after the host larva was full grown. Unfertilised 

 eggs gave rise to males. Attempts to induce the parasite to winter 

 in the cocoon were unsuccessful, though at Nashville, Tenn., it was 

 found by Mr. CI. G. Ainslie that C. uni'puncta passed the winter in the 

 immature larval stage, and that when the specimens under observation 

 were parasitised in the autumn, the parasites completed their growth 

 and emerged in the spring. In Canada C. unipuncta also hibernates 

 in the larval stage. It is suggested that in the north the parasites 

 winter as partly developed forms in immature larvae, while in the 

 south they probably winter in the cocoon. 



*■■) 



Parrott (P. J.) & Fulton (B. B.). Cherry and Hawthorn Sawfly 

 fpC^' Leaf-Miner. — Jl. Agric. Research, WasMnglon, B.C., v, no. 12, 



20th December 1915, pp, 519-528, 1 plate. 



As a cherry pest, Profemisa collaris, a sawfly leaf-miner, is known 

 to occur in orchards of English Morello cherry about Geneva in 

 western New York and at Germantown in the Hudson Valley. As 

 these two districts are widely separated, this pest probably also occurs 

 in other localities in which sour cherries are extensively grown. It is 

 not known to occur as a cherry pest outside the State of New York, 

 but injury to hawthorn by this insect has been recorded from various 

 localities in New York State and from Boston, Mass. The attack of 

 the sawfly larva begins on the edge of the leaf toward the stem and 

 continues towards the apex. When this is reached, the direction of 

 the tunnel is reversed. Usually from one-quarter to one-half of the 

 total leaf area is destroyed. The principal damage occurs during the 

 last week in May and the beginning of June. The leaves most seriously 



