101 



is prepared as follows : A pound of beef is macerated for 24 hours in 

 If pint of water ; 3 per cent, of peptone and 5 per cent, of sodium 

 chloride are then added. The liquid is then filtered, rendered alkaline 

 and sterilised. Twelve hours after the bouillon has been infected, 

 the presence of the Coccobacilliis in the bouillon should be verified 

 and some of it taken up into a sterilised hypodermic syringe and 

 one drop injected into a grasshopper. This is done with forty or fifty 

 individuals, which are then shut up in a wire cage with sufficient food. 

 Death occurs within thirty hours, but the dead bodies of individuals, 

 which have died in a shorter time than fifteen hours should be removed 

 from the cage, so that only those which succumb in from fifteen to. 

 thirty hours remain. The abdominal substance which is extracted 

 from them should show a dark coloration and will be used to inject 

 another lot of forty or fifty grasshoppers, after diluting it with sterilised 

 water. It should be examined under the microscope for the presence 

 of the coccobacillus and a special cultivation should be made in 

 in agar-agar, consisting of bouillon, 1,000 grammes; agar -agar, 

 3 grammes. These operations of infecting various series of grass- 

 hoppers should be continued till the virulent exaltation of the 

 coccobacillus is obtained ; the abdominal substance of the grass- 

 hoppers of the last series is then taken and diluted with sterilised 

 water. After two cultivations in agar-agar, the coccobacillus is ready 

 for introduction into the bouillon used for spraying, which consists 

 of:' — Water, 1,000 grammes; peptone, 30; gelatine, 25; glucose, 5; and 

 sodium chloride, 5. This bouillon should be sprayed at fixed times, 

 in the invaded areas. 



Zhitkov (Gr.). pesyjibTaiaxij MCKyccTBeHHaro oOntceHin Bbipy- 



OOKli Bl) 0aiMeBCKOMl3 OnblTHOM-b JItCHHMeCTBt nocjit BpeMCH- 



Haro, npeABapHTejibHaro cenbCKO-xosfliiCTBeHHaro nonbsoBaHifl. 



[On the results of afforestation of clearings in the Fashtchev 

 Experimental Forests after temporary agricultural use.] — 

 «J1tCHafl }KM3Hb M X03flMCTB0.» [Forestry Life and Economy], 

 Tambov, iv, no. 6, 1915, pp. 6-12. 



The utilisation of clearings for agricultural purposes before re- 

 afforestation is useful in many respects ; it clears the soil of weeds, 

 renders it friable, thus assisting the accumulation of moisture, and 

 causes a decrease in the numbers of the larvae of Melolontha. Obser- 

 vations in this forest during recent years have shown that from June 

 to August the larvae, particularly those of the first year, live at a depth 

 of about 4 inches, and are thus readily brought to the surface by the 

 plough. In many experiments, larvae subjected for from 10 to 15 

 minutes to the effect of sunlight were not able to work their way back 

 into the soil, even under the most favourable conditions for this process. 

 Thus the agricultural use of clearings may be of considerable import- 

 ance in the control of these pests, and the cost of this measure is usually 

 more than covered by the profits from the crops obtained. 



