105 



Nine species of Diptera are known to parasitise the caterpillars, 

 including the Tachinids, Lydella nigripes, Fall., Pkorocera assimils, Fall., 

 and Phryxe vulgaris, Fall. The great importance of these parasites 

 is demonstrated by a number of examples. 



The usual remedies include the collection of the winter nests and 

 spraying with Paris green, azurgin, arsenic, barium chloride and other 

 insecticides. The destruction of the nests is the most effective of 

 these, but care must be taken not to interfere with the parasites, 

 which involves some trouble and is not always practicable. The author 

 prefers to take advantage of the attraction which the flowers of borage, 

 Borago cfficinalis, and especially those of various kinds of onion, have for 

 the adults. On these flowers the butterflies can easily be collected by 

 hand even in the day time. On one occasion one man was able to 

 collect nearly 3,000 adults in an hour in this way. The author therefore 

 recommends the sowing of beds of onions flowering in May and June, 

 which will serve as traps. The effect of destroying large numbers of 

 Aporia crataegi will be to compel the parasites, many of which are not 

 confined to one host, to attack other pests, such as Pieris brassicae, 

 P. rapae, P. napi, Malacosoma neustrid, Lymantria dispar, Euproctis 

 chrysorrhoea, etc. 



LuTCHNiK (V. N.). TypHencoBbiti mn pancoBbiii nii/iM/ibmMK"b. [The 

 turnip or rape sawfly {Athalia colibri, Christ.).] — « X03flkiCTB0.» 

 {Hushandry\ Kiev, x, nos. 45-46, 10th December 1915, 

 pp. 1060-1063. 

 Of late years the utilisation of swampy land for agricultural purposes 

 has largely increased in South Western Russia and the author has 

 investigated the pests of crops on such land on one estate in the 

 government of Minsk. One of the pests found there is Athalia colibri, 

 Christ, {spinarnm, F.). It is found in Europe, Western Asia and North 

 America, and in Russia is common in the South as well as in North 

 Caucasia, Transcaucasia and Western Siberia, having been found as 

 far north as Moscow. The larvae occur on turnips, rape, radish, 

 mustard, charlock and other Cruciferae, both wild and cultivated. 

 The imagines appear in May and June, and the females deposit their 

 eggs beneath the epidermis of the under side of the leaves. The larvae 

 emerge in from 5 to 7 days and devour the parenchyma of the leaves ; 

 the number of generations varies from two to three ; pupation takes 

 place in the earth and lasts from 11 to 18 days, the last generation 

 wintering in that stage. Careful weeding, trap- crops in spring, spraying 

 with Paris green (^ lb. of green, 1 lb. of quick lime, and h lb. of soft soap, 

 in about 35 gallons of water) or barium chloride, djipsin, arsenic, 

 and arsenite of lime are recommended. Soft soap is effective only 

 against the very young larvae. 



PacnopnmeHie o npHSHawin TypKecraHCKaro Kpan OjiarononyHHbiM-b 

 no (t)MJ10KCep'k. [Au order declaring the province of Turkestan 

 to be free from Phylloxera.]— « MsB^CTifl MMHMCTepCTBa 3eMne- 



A%Jlifl.» [Bulletins of the Ministri/ of Agriculture], Petrograd, 

 no. 49, 19th December 1915, p. 1198. 

 This is an order by the President of the Central Board of Land 

 Administration and Agriculture declaring the whole of Russian 

 Turkestan to be free from Phylloxera and prohibiting the importation 

 into that province of vine plants or parts of them from other vine- 

 growing districts of Russia and from abroad. 



(C243) B 



