120 



Contarinia (Diplosis) triiici (wheat midge), a pest of grain crops in 

 the Lower Fraser Valley, 



With regard to insects attacking fruit crops, the life-histories of the 

 following were worked out : — Eucosma {Spilonota) ocellana (eye- 

 spotted bud-moth), Olethreutes consanguinana (larger bud-moth), 

 Xylina (Calocampa) nupera, Lint., X. (0.) cineritia, Grote, 

 X. {C.) curvimacula, Morr., Graptolitha (Xylina) lacticinerea, 

 Grote, and G. {X.) bethunei (fruit- worms of apple). In- 

 complete notes were obtained on G. (Xylina) georgii, Conistra 

 (Scopelosoma) trisligmata, Grote, and Ceramica (Mamestra) picta, Harr., 

 which were found to be injuring apples. The period in the life- 

 cycle in which these Noctuids were most susceptible to attack 

 was the young larval stage, when the insect feeds on the 

 young leaves and blossoms. The older larvae damaged the fruit, 

 about 20 per cent, of the latter showing injury in unsprayed orchards. 

 In July 1913 the larvae of G. bethxinei were found destroying the pupae 

 of Malacosoma disstria, and constituted an appreciable factor in the 

 natural control of this pest. The codling moth [Cydia po77ionella] in 

 Nova Scotifl, appeared to be single-brooded, the life-cycle extending 

 over a long period. Xyleborus pyri, Peck, (shot-hole borer) was 

 present in one district m Nova Scotia ; the larvae were readily 

 destroyed by the injection into the host tree of carbon bisulphide. 

 In migration experiments with Aphids, it was found that A. sorhi 

 migrates, during the latter half of June, from the apple to the 

 plantain. The return to the apple occurs in early autumn. Investiga- 

 tions were also carried out on Rhagoletis pomonella (apple maggot), 

 Tetranychus pilos^is (^\\m\ rmte), Haltica chalybea (grsi-pe flea-beetle), 

 Monophadnus rubi (raspberry sawfly), Psylla pyricolu (pear psylla), 

 Crioceris asparagi and C. duodecimpuTWtata (asparagus beetles), 

 Conotrachelus nenuphar (plum curculio), Empoasca mali (apple leaf • 

 hopper), and Tischeria malifoliella (apple leaf -miner). Insects affecting 

 apples in Quebec were Anthonomiis quadrigibbus (apple curculio), 

 Cacoecia [Archips) argyrospila (fruit tree leaf-roller) and C. nenuphar. 



In British Columbia the fruit insects investigated were :■ — Enarmonia 

 prunivora (lesser apple worm), Eriosoma lanigerum (woolly aphis), 

 Lygus pratensis (tarnished plant bug), Formica riifa and Anarsia 

 Uneatella (peach twig borer). 



Among the insects attacking forest and shade trees, Lygaeonematus 

 (Nematus) erichsoni (larch sawfly) appeared to be spreading westward 

 and killed much timber in eastern Ontario and Manitoba. Tortrix 

 fumiferana (spruce bud-worm) was present in the forests of New 

 Brunswick. Injury by Malacosoma disstria and M. americana in 

 Ontario and Quebec was considerably lessened by natural controlling 

 factors, chiefly parasitic fungi and bacteria. Extensive outbreaks of 

 the same insects occurred in British Columbia. Cerambycid and 

 Buprestid borers and ambrosia beetles caused injury to logs and fire- 

 killed timber. Bark-beetle injury was extensive in British Columbia, 

 where white pine was attacked. Spruce in the same province was 

 injured by Chermes cooleyi (spruce gall Aphid), Aphis abietina, ajid 

 Dendroctonus obesus (Sitka spruce bark-beetle). 



The most important insects affecting garden and greenhouse plants 

 were Lycophotia margaritosa (variegated cutworm), Lygus pratensis 

 (tarnished plant bug), and Neocerata (Dasyneura) rhodovhaga, Coq. 

 (rose midge). 



