137 



Schneider-Orelli (0.). Weitere Untersuchungen iiber die Lebens- 

 weise u. Bekampfung des kleinen Frostspanners. [Further 

 researches on the bionomics and control of Cheimatobia brumata.] 

 —Bericht Schveiz. Versuchsanst. Obst-, Wein- v. Gartenbau in 

 Wddenswil f. 1913 v. 1914, Separate from Landwirtsclioftliclies 

 Jahrbuch d. Schiveiz, Bern, 1915, pp. 522-533. [Keceived 26th 

 February 1916.] 



Judging by captures on adhesive bands, the flight period of 

 Cheimatobia brumaia in 1914 extended from 20th October to 3rd 

 December. As previously observed, some females do not attempt 

 to pass the bands, but oviposit beneath them. From eggs deposited 

 in this way, a total of 970 caterpillars emerged on three pear trees 

 from 14th April to 6th May 1915. Males have often been observed 

 to begin climbing quite high up on a trunk in their search for females, 

 but experiment showed that direct attraction is not always necessary. 

 When two trees were banded with double rings separated by a 3-foot 

 space, both males and females were taken on the lower ring, but only 

 males on the upper one. Defects, thought to be responsible for the 

 lack of success in banding, include the bad quality of the adhesive, 

 which should be able to hold the strongest female ; the formation 

 of bridges over the banding either by the bodies of captured individuals 

 or by leaves ; crevices between the paper and the bark which permit 

 the females to creep through ; delay in banding, in which case some 

 of the females may have already reached the upper part of the tree ; 

 infestation due to caterpillars hatching in spring from eggs laid beneath 

 the banding — this may be prevented by maintaining the banding until 

 May, or by cleansing the trunk below the bands when they are removed 

 at the usual time ; occasional pupation of the caterpillars in the upper 

 portions of the tree instead of in the ground. The best adhesives were 

 found to be the yellow American preparations, while the dark-coloured 

 ones were also very serviceable, though not possessing the very marked 

 freedom from fluidity and the lasting effects of the lighter coloured ones. 

 As a result of experiments on the influence of spring frosts on the 

 increase of C. brumata, it was proved that even when severe in character 

 they do not exert any marked check. Other temperature experiments 

 showed that this moth is almost insensible in the pupal stage to 

 extremes of either heat or cold. 



EmnneTeHb o BpeAHTennx-b cenbCKaro xosflMCTsa m Mtpaxii 6opb6bi Cb 

 HMMM. [Bulletin on the Pests of Agriculture and Methods Oj 

 Control], Published by the Entomological and Phytopathological 

 Bureau of the Zemstvo of the govt, of Charkov, Charkov, no. 6, 

 June 1915, 33 pp., 11 figs. [Received 8th February 1916.] 



The following articles relating to Entomology appear in this 



number : — 



AvERiN (V. G.)- CocTOflHio cenbCKO-xoaflMCTBeHHbiXTj HynbiypT* bt» 

 OTHomeHiM opeAMTeneii no AaHHbiM-b 3HTOMOJiorHMecKaro Oiopo m 

 no COOOmeHimviTj KOppecnOHfleHTOBlj. [A statement as to the 

 pests of cultivated plants based on the records of the Entomo- 

 logical Bureau and reports of correspondents], pp. 13-18. 



The following pests were reported in May in orchards : the weevils, 

 Anthonomus pomorum, L., Rhynchites pauxillus, Germ., R. bacchus, L., 

 (C253) B 



