140 



very eiTective, and must be applied at the time when the fields are 

 first attacked. Powdering with basic slag, when the plants first 

 appear, is also effective and should be done after rain or after 

 previously spraying with water. 



A key to the identification of various species of Sitones is given, 

 including S. tibialis, Hbst., S. crinitus, Hbst., S. waterhoiisei, Walt., 

 S. sidciffons, Thunb., and S. lineatus, L. S. tibialis and S. sulcifrons 

 injure leguminous plants used for forage, while the others attack those 

 grown for seed. 



Shipelev (K.). 5opb6a ctj BpeflMTenawiM wannHbi. [The control of 

 pests of raspberrries.]— «nporpecCMBHOe CaAOBOACTBO M OropOfl- 



HMMeCTBO.» [Progressive Horticulture and Market-Gardening], 

 Petrograd, xiii, no. 2, 23rd January, 1916, pp. 51-56. 



Raspberries are attacked by Pentatoma baccarum and P. bicolor, 

 which produce a peculiar taste and smell in the berries, the former 

 being particularly injurious ; no really effective remedies against 

 these pests exist, the one usually applied consisting of shaking the 

 insects from the bushes and hand collection, for which purpose a 

 hand-shield covered with tanglefoot may be used with advantage. 

 Against flea-beetles, which are particularly injurious in dry and hot 

 weather, manuring with basic slag and spraying with various insecti- 

 cides are recommended. Aphis urticaria and Siphonojjhora rubi, 

 which are the most common Aphids attacking raspberries, are con- 

 trolled by spraying with tobacco extract, soap and crude spirit, quassia 

 decoction or emulsion, or with soft soap, Aegeria (Sesia) tipuliformis, 

 the larvae of which live inside the young stems of currants, but which 

 also frequently attack raspberries, may be controlled by cutting away 

 the affected shoots, as well as all the stumps remaining from the previous 

 year, while the moths may be caught on sticky sheets. The larvae of 

 Aegeria hylaeiformis occur during the autumn, winter and spring 

 inside the base of the shoots of raspberries and pupate in the roots ; 

 the infested shoots should be destroyed. Aristotelia (Gelechia) micella, 

 Schiff., oviposits underneath the bark of the young shoots, causing 

 small swellings on them. Similar swellings are also caused by some 

 species of Cynipidae, such as Diastrophus rubi, Kl. The young 

 flower-buds are injured by Anthononms rubi, against which spraying 

 early in spring with barium chloride or Paris green is advised. The 

 same insecticides are also recommended against Malacosoma neustria. 

 Byturus iomentosus, ¥., emerges from the earth in the adult stage in 

 May and up to the time of blossoming of raspberries frequents the 

 flowers of cherries, plums, apples, etc. The larvae attack the 

 flowers and afterwards penetrate into and feed on the seeds of the 

 maturing berries. The larval stage lasts about two months, and at 

 the end of July the larvae drop to the ground with the fruit and 

 pupate in the soil, producing adults in the autumn, which remain 

 in the earth over the winter. The adults should be shaken off 

 the bushes and sprayed with carbolic acid or vinegar water (5 pints 

 of crude carbolic acid or strong vinegar in 27 gallons of water, with 

 1 lb. of soft soap). This spraying may cause the concentration of 

 the adults on trap-bushes of meadowsweet or medlar, where they 

 can be conveniently collected. The control of the larvae consists in 

 the timely removal of the infested fruits. 



