143 



for about half an hour in about 3 gallons of water till the whole of the 

 arsenic is dissolved, and then 4 lb. of quicklime is gradually added and 

 boiled for another half hour, stirring from time to time. The water 

 lost by evaporation is then made up to 3 gallons, and for use, this is 

 further made up to 80 or 100 parts by volume of water. Barium 

 chloride can be effectively used against field pests in dry and hot 

 weather, and sodium arsenite or arsenate in wet weather. As regard* 

 contact insecticides, various emulsions, lime-sulphur solutions, etc.^ 

 only quassia decoction and tobacco extract have deservedly come 

 largely into use. Attempts have recently been made to advocate the 

 use of other home-made vegetable insecticides, but the author is of 

 opinion that these can only, at the best, prove profitable in small 

 orchards and market-gardens, as their poisonous properties are still 

 uncertain. 



Vassiliev (E. M.). riojiomeHie Bonpoca o napaamaxTj auSapHaro 



AOJirOHOCMKa. [The position of the question of the parasites of 

 Calandra granaria, L.] — «X03flMCTB0.» [Husbandry], Kiev, xi, 

 no. 1-2, 28th January 1916, pp. 20-23. 



This paper, read at the Kiev Conference on pests of stored grain 

 [see this Review, Ser. A, iv, p. 106], deals with the parasites of Cakindra 

 granaria. In 1909 in stores in the government of Kiev, numbers of 

 Pteromalidae were observed emerging from bags containing rye and 

 infested with G. granaria. The parasites were more numerous on the 

 more heavily infested bags and the author was able to estimate the 

 degree of infestation by the number of parasites present. These 

 Pteromalids were identified by N. V. Kurdjumov as Lariophagus 

 distinguendus, Forst. Other parasites of this weevil which have been 

 reported include : — Ptermnalus tritici, Goureau, P. cakindrae, How., 

 P.orgzae, Cam., Meraforus uiibilis, Tuck., M. vandinei, Tuck., 

 M. requisitus, Tuck., and Cerocephala conigera, Wstw. The last-named 

 is also a parasite of Hylesimis fraxini, Scolytus pjjgmaeus and Sito])hilus 

 granarius. 



Del Guercio (G.) & Malenotti (E.). Ricerche ed Esperienze nuove 

 contro la Bianca-Rossa degli Agrumi in Sicilia nel 1914. 



[Researches and new Experiments against Chrysomphalus dicty- 

 ospermi, Morg., in Sicily in 1914.] — Separate, dated lOfch August 

 1915, from Redia, Florence, xi, pp. 1-126, 25 figs., 1 plate. 

 [Received 21st February 1916.] 



In view of the losses sustained by citrus cultivators in Sicily o\\ing 

 to the attacks of Chrysomphalus dictyospermi, Morg., the Italian 

 Ministry of Agriculture sent the authors to that island in 1914 for the 

 purpose of studying the pest and discovering suitable control measures. 

 A preliminary report of the spraying experiments has been already 

 published [see this Revieiv, Ser. A, iii, p. 430]. 



C. dictyospermi was first discovered in Italy in 1895 by Berlese on 

 Payidanus graminifolia in the Botanical Garden at Florence, but the 

 present severe infestations are due to importations from France along 

 the Riviera, whence they have spread to southern Italy. The various 

 stages of this scale are described in detail. The number of males is 



