155 



April ; Buxus spp. and other more sensitive evergreens, as well as 

 deciduous trees generally, should be sprayed in February or the 

 beginning of March. 



With regard to treatment of the soil itself with carbohneum, it has 

 been shown that when used against Incurvaria rubiella on raspberries 

 and allowed to soak into the soil around the plants, the larvae in the 

 soil were killed without damage to the canes [see this Review, Ser. A, 

 iii, p. 643]. As however the soaking of the soil with a powerful 

 disinfectant of somewhat variable composition might have a bad effect 

 directly or indirectly, experiments were made on a piece of ground 

 divided into five plots. The whole area was sown with rye, wheat 

 and peas, a strip being kept untreated as a control. The remainder 

 was sprayed with an 8 per cent, carbolineum solution with an automatic 

 machine delivering 20 cc. per second, the five plots in order being 

 sprayed for 5, 10, 15, 20 and 25 seconds. This spraying was done on 

 3rd April in damp, warm weather and the penetration of the solution 

 into the soil was complete. The seed had germinated before being 

 sown. The general result of the experiments was that 1 litre of 

 S per cent, carbolineum solution per square metre (a little over 3 oz. 

 per square foot) killed but very few of the germinating seeds, though 

 the green leaf was damaged. "The peas apparently did not suffer at 

 all, and it is considered that, at this strength, the dripping from sprayed 

 trees and bushes on to the soil can do no appreciable harm. These 

 experiments are to be repeated and extended. 



Dammerman (K. W.). On a new species of Calotermes {C. tectonae, noy. 

 sp.), which attacks living teak tiQes.—Tidschr. voor Entomologie, 

 The Hague, Iviii., 1915, pp. 98-100, 2 plates. [Received 23rd 

 February 1916.] 



The author's attention was called by the forest service of Java to a 

 peculiar disease of teak trees near Samarang. The damage done was 

 found to be due to a termite which resembles C. assmuthi, Holmgr., 

 and is described under the above name. This termite, which has only 

 been found on living teak trees, lives inside the stem of 20 to 30-year-old 

 examples at a height of 10-20 feet ; on this spot the stem is swollen 

 and the bark cracked. On the same tree three or more swellings 

 sometimes occur. If the wood be slit, several tunnels, partly 

 covered with excrement, are found; these do not extend much 

 further than the swollen part of the stem. Sometimes the tunnels of 

 two swellings are connected, but they never run towards the base of 

 the tree. They communicate with the exterior by narrow openings. 

 The tunnels are first made between the bark and wood, causing the 

 peculiar deformations, and later extend to the heart-wood. Towards 

 the end of the dry monsoon all stages were found inside the stem, and 

 at the beginning 'of the rainy monsoon, in November and December, 

 the winged forms swarmed. How the trees are attacked in the first 

 instance is uncertain, but in older tunnels pairs were found with shed 

 wings, and it was also found experimentally that the larv^ae are capable 

 of b°oring into the living wood. Probably the sexual pairs are per- 

 mitted to enter already existing nests. The damage caused by this 

 pest is of great importance, 75 per cent, of the trees being infested in 

 -xme places. The trees often break near the swellings and in any case 



.i value of the timber is considerably reduced. 



(C259) ^2 



