163 



These included : — Pests of cereal, clover, etc. : Hyhmyia coardala, 

 Fall; Oscinetta frit , L. ; Mayetiola {Cecidomyia) destructor, ^ny; Chhrops 

 taeniopus, Meig. ; Prolasioptera (Lasioptera) cerealis, Lind. ; Ochsenhei- 

 meria taurella, SchifE. ; Trachea {Hadena) basilinea, F. ; Euxoa segetum, 

 Schiff. ; Hydroecia nictitans, Bkh. ; Cephiis pygmaeus, L. ; Agriotes 

 lineatus, L. ; Apion sp. ; Coeliodes fuligwosus, Marsh. ; Sitones 

 lineatus, L. ; PsylUodes altenimtus, Koch ; Eurygaster tnaura, F. ; 

 Anisoplia crucifera, Hbst. ; A. segetum, Hbst. ; Phlyctaenodes {Botys) 

 sticticalis, L., and Locusta (Pachytylus) migratoria, L. 



Pests of orchards : Euproctis chrysorrhaea, L. ; Hyponomeuta 

 malinellus, Zell. ; Anthonomus pommum, L. ; Psylla mali, Forst. ; 

 Aporia crataegi, L. ; Lasiocampa neustria, L. ; Episemu (Diloba) 

 coeruleocephala, L. ; Cheimatobia hrumata, L. ; Rhynchites auratus. 

 Scop. ; Byturus tomentosus, F., and Aphis pomi, De Geer. Pests of 

 forests : — Hylotonm pullata, Zadd., especially on birch ; Stenolechia 

 gemrtiella, L. ; Chermes abietis, Kalt., on silver firs ; and Coleophora 

 laricella, Hb. 



Pests of market-gardens : — Halticus saltalor, Geof?. [sic] ; Chorto- 

 phila brassicae, Bch. ; Phyllotreta netnorum, L. ; Barathra {Mamestra) 

 brnssicae, L. ; Pieris brassicae, L., and Plutella macidipennis. Curt. 

 {cruciferarum, Zell.). 



Three generations of Oscinella frit occurred, viz. :~in the middle of 

 May, at the end of June and in the middle of August. Barley showed 

 the greatest percentage of infestation, the figure being frequently 

 81-^2 per cent., while that for wheat was about 14 per cent, and for 

 rye 2 per cent. Early sown crops were more infested than late ones ; 

 nevertheless some authors recommend early sowing in order that the 

 plants may become strong enough to be able to withstand attack. 

 A large outbreak of Hylemyia coarctata, Fall., occurred in 1913 ; the 

 larvae are injurious early in spring, when they occur inside the stem. 

 At the beginning of May, they pass into the soil to a depth of 1-3 inches 

 where they pupate, the adults emerging early in June. The percentage 

 of injured stems varied from 12 to 44 in the case of winter wheat and 

 from 13| to 30 in the case of winter rye. Prolasioptera cerealis 

 did considerable injury in one district, the damage taking the form 

 of withered ears and broken stems. Little is known of the life-history 

 of this fly, but it is thought that there is only one generation and that 

 it winters in the larval stage ; it is therefore recommended that infested 

 crops should be cut as high as possible, so as to leave the larvae in the 

 stubble, which should be immediately burnt. 



Agriotes lineatus (segetis) is a very serious pest and was specially studied 

 in 1914. A table is given showing the occurrence of the various stages of 

 this beetle during the year, from which it appears that from January to 

 April only hibernating larv^ae and adults are present. Experiments 

 made with control methods showed that the use of potato baits, on which 

 the larvae gathered and could be periodically destroyed, was the most 

 satisfactory, both in reducing the number of the larvae and in only 

 requiring renewal about once in four months. Injection into the soil 

 of carbon bisulphide with kerosene in equal proportion produced a 

 death-rate of 30 per cent., while balls of cotton waste soaked in the 

 same mixture and placed in the soil resulted in a death-rate of only 

 3-6 per cent. Poisoned baits consisting of potatoes, maize, paste, etc., 



