164 



were unsatisfactory, as they were avoided by the larvae. An experi- 

 ment in the laboratory, which could not be repeated on a large scale in 

 the field, consisted of sowing wheat with Chilian saltpetre ; this gave a 

 death-rate of 100 per cent, after 10 days. The caterpillars of Ochsen- 

 heimeria taurella, Schifi., hibernate in the stems of winter rye and wheat, 

 devouring the tender part of the stem above the upper node. Trap 

 sowings are considered the best method of controlling this moth and 

 should be carried out about two weeks before the sowing of winter 

 crops. 



Besides dealing with other pests, this report also contains details 

 as to the general work of the Bureau, for the maintenance of which 

 £150 was assigned by the Department of Agriculture and £130 by the 

 Zemstvo of Orel. 



Daniltchenko (J. M.). XpHSaHieMbl H MXI Kynbiypa. [Chrysanthe- 

 mums and their cultivation.]— « CaflOBafl Bll6jliOTeKa.» [Garden 

 Library.] — Supplement to « llporpecCMBHOe CaAOBOflCTBO M 

 OropOAHHMeCTBO.» [Progressive Horticulture and Market- 

 Gardening], Petrograd, 1916, 31 pp., 8 figa. 



A table is given showing the principal pests attacking chrysanthe- 

 mums and the nature of the injury in each case. The collar is injured 

 by a fly, Mysospatha {Cecidomyia) hypogaea, which gives rise to galls 

 on it, and the roots by a Nematode, Heterodera radicicola ; the dis- 

 infection of the soil with carbon bisulphide or tobacco extract, or by 

 powdering with flowers of sulphur, is recommended against both these 

 pests. The leaves are mined by the larvae of another fly, Phytomyza 

 geniculata, control consisting in removing the diseased leaves and in 

 introducing carbon bisulphide into the compost. Against Aphis rumicis 

 (papaveris), the larvae of the bug, Calocoris chenopodii, the caterpillars 

 oiCydia {Grapholitha) miyiutana and other pests attacking the buds 

 and flowers, spraying with tobacco extract and soap, and powdering 

 with tobacco dust and flowers of sulphur when the dew is on the 

 leaves in the morning, or fumigation with tobacco, are advised. The 

 stems are injured by a froghopper, Aphrophora spumaria, which should 

 be removed by hand, and by Forjicula auricularia, which can be 

 trapped in heaps of straw or leaves covered with a flower pot. [See 

 also this Review, Ser. A, iii, p. 746.] _ 



A. B. OsHMblH HepBb. [The "winter-crop worm" (caterpillars of 

 E'lxoa segetum, Schiff).]— « MSBtCTifl MoCKOBCKOtt fySepHCKOM 

 SeMCKOH ynpaBbl.» [Bulletins of the Uprava of the Zemstvo of the 

 govt, of Moscow], Moscow, no. 7, July 1915, pp. 38-40. [Received 

 13th March 1916.] 



In the autumn of 1914, caterpillars of Euxoa segetum destroyed in 

 three days nearly half of the winter-crops belonging to one village and 

 were also troublesome in several other districts. To provide against 

 a probable new outbreak of this pest in the same localities, attention 

 should be directed to the weeds in fallow fields, where the caterpillars 

 usually occur. If these appear to have been attacked, such fields 

 should be separated from the neighbouring cultivated ones by trenches 

 and must not be resown until the insects have been destroyed by means 

 of baits. 



