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Caesak (L.). The Fruit-Tree Leaf-Roller. — Canadian Horticulturist, 

 Peterboro, Ont., xxxix, no. 2, February 1916, pp. 21-22, 3 figs. 



Apple and pear trees in Ontario are attacked by two leaf-rolling 

 insects, namely the oblique-banded leaf -roller [Cacoecia rosaceana] and 

 the fruit-tree leaf-roller [C. argyrosjnla]. The latter has proved 

 especially injurious in some orchards, where from 40 to 50 per cent, 

 of the crop has been injured or destroyed. The eggs are laid during 

 July on the upper side of two- or three-year-old twigs. Larvae emerge 

 at the time of the bursting of the buds. They attack the leaves first, 

 then the flower buds and fruit. Maturity is reached by the middle of 

 June and adults appear at the beginning of July. Young leaves and 

 blossoms are webbed together by the larvae, while fruit which is 

 severely attacked falls to the ground. When weeds or clover are 

 present in the orchard, the larvae may feed on them, though eggs have 

 never been found on these plants. Both larvae and pupae are attacked 

 by parasitic and predaceous enemies, but not in sufiicient numbers 

 to effect control. Lead arsenate spray (4 lb. lead arsenate to 40 gals, 

 dilute lime-sulphur or Bordeaux mixture) applied first just before the 

 blossoms open, and again immediately after they have fallen, kills 

 about 50 per cent, of the larvae. A better remedy is a miscible oil 

 spray, which must be applied just before the leaf-buds open. Severe 

 pruning before the operation will save spraying material. Good culti- 

 vation throughout June will destroy many larvae and pupae. 



Sanders (G. E.). The Control of Fruit Insects, with Special Reference 

 to Nova Scotia. — Canadian Horticulturist, Peterboro, Ont., xxxix, 

 no. 2, February 1916, pp. 25-26, 2 figs. 



The investigation of apple insects in Nova Scotia during the p^st 

 four years has demonstrated very clearly the value of the study of 

 insects under local conditions. Very frequently in this province the 

 growth of the apple buds is retarded, after opening, by a cold period, 

 though insect life during such a time is not retarded to a similar extent. 

 The time of spraying must therefore be adapted to these conditions. 

 For the control of the bud moth [Eucosma ocellana] in 1915, appli- 

 cations of lead arsenate were made on the 15th and 31st May, then 

 twice more after the blossoms had fallen. In this way 92 per cent, 

 of the larvae were killed. The control of fruit-worms, the most 

 important of which is Graptolitha (Xylina) bethunei, lies in having the 

 leaves coated with poison during the period of emergence from the egg, 

 i.e., at the time when the flower buds are showing pink. A second 

 spray is given immediately after flowering. The codling moth [Cydia 

 pomonelh] is of minor importance, injury only amounting to 1*7 per 

 cent, of the crop. There is a single brood annually. In view of the 

 slight importance of this insect, the first spray after flowering may be 

 advanced or retarded as desired. 



